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This week: Open lab times for IDing and mounting your plant collections Thursday 11–1, HS 204 MILES Summer Research Internships Applications are due by May 19 – You need to have a faculty research sponsor first. http://miles.dbs.umt.edu/ studentopportunities/miraaward.php OBE Seminar 4:10, ISB 110 Peter Vitousek Stanford University “Hawaii as a model for understanding humanenvironment interaction” Major groups within Angiosperms Basal families Magnoliid complex “Dicots” Eudicots Monocots Monocot diversity Irises Agaves Orchids Pandanus Lilies Palms Dioscorea Grasses Sedges Rushes Aroids Bromeliads Gingers Alismataceae Acorus Commelina New families -- Petaloid monocots Liliaceae (Lily family) Iridaceae (Iris family) Orchidaceae (Orchid family) Iridaceae -- Iris family Worldwide widespread in both temperate and tropical regions ~90 genera, 2000 species In Montana 0nly 2 genera here -- Iris and Sisyrinchium Growth habit/Life history perennial herbs with bulbs, corms or rhizomes bulb = underground storage organ made of thickened leaf bases Corm = vertical stem thickened into below-ground storage organ Rhizome = horizontal stem thickened into below-ground storage organ Iridaceae -- Iris family Leaves simple linear sheathing bases equitant (folded) Iridaceae -- Iris family Inflorescence determinate => cyme terminal bud flowers first Iridaceae -- Iris family Flowers regular, perfect (bisexual) Sepals + Petals (Tepals) 6 (all showy usually) often fused at base Iridaceae -- Iris family Stamens 3, distinct Gynoecium 3 fused carpels 1 style with 3+ branches (petaloid in Iris) inferior ovary Fruit type Iridaceae -- Iris family capsule (seeds sometimes w/ fleshy arils) Iridaceae -- Iris family Crocus sativus - Saffron Crocus spice and dye made from styles Iridaceae --Iris family Freesia Gladiolus Native to southern Africa -- cultivated for florists Sisyrinchium -- Blue-eyed grass Iris -- Iris In Montana 2 species (1 native, 1 not) Habitat primarily wet areas Growth habit/Life history perennial herbs with rhizomes I. missouriensis I. pseudacorus - potentially invasive Iris -- Iris Petaloid style branches style Iris -- Iris Petaloid styles direct pollinator access stigma flap Orchidaceae -- Orchid family Worldwide widespread; greatest diversity in tropics largest or 2nd largest family 20,000-30,000 species Growth habit/Life history perennial herbs Orchidaceae -- Orchid family Epiphytic orchids (tropics) Orchidaceae -- Orchid family Terrestrial orchids (temperate zone) Cyprepedium Corallorhiza (parasitic) Orchidaceae -- Orchid family >20,000 species, but only 1 used for human food! Vanilla planifolia - Vanilla bean Orchidaceae -- Orchid family In Montana 9 genera, ~25 species Growth Habit all terrestrial herbs 1 saprophytic/parasitic usually w/ corm or rhizome Habitats coniferous woods wet areas (bogs, moist meadows) Spiranthes Orchidaceae -- Orchid family Leaves usually oval (not grasslike) often a basal rosette Inflorescences solitary raceme spike Goodyera (Rattlesnake Plantain) Orchidaceae -- Orchid family Flowers bilaterally symmetric (irregular) Sepals + Petals (Tepals) 3 + 3, usually all showy 1 petal different = lip Calypso bulbosa Orchidaceae -- Orchid family Stamens 1 in most species Gynoecium 3 fused carpels adnate into fleshy column Orchidaceae -- Orchid family Pollen packaged into waxy masses or pollinia Orchidaceae -- Orchid family Fruit type capsule with lots of tiny seeds, splitting on sides Orchidaceae -- Orchid family Mycorrhizae (fungi) necessary for seed germination Orchid floral diversity Visual insect mimics bee orchid wasp orchid Orchid floral diversity Insect scent mimics Australian Spider Orchid - wasp attracted by pheromone Orchid floral diversity Darwin’s Orchid -- long-tongued moth pollinator Orchid floral diversity Catasetum -- euglossine bees use orchid exudate as their pheromone Montana orchids Cypripedium -- Lady’s Slippers Montana orchids Epipactis -- Stream Orchid, Helleborine Montana orchids Corallorhiza - Coral Root Montana orchids Listera and Liparis - Twayblades Calypso -- Fairy Slipper - “typical” orchid flower - solitary flower rising from single leaf - color variable - deceit pollination (no reward) Key distinguishing features???
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