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How to Use a Flora Fact Sheet
How do you use a flora or a field guide? Uvularia sessilifolia is a common spring wildflower of eastern North America. Below is its entry in Flora of North America (volume 26, page 148).
If you have a field guide to the plants of your region, you’ll see that floras and field guides are
similar in many ways. Both a flora and a field guide help you identify the plant species of a
particular area. Both give a plant’s name and description, and some information about its
ecology and distribution. A flora provides more details. Unlike a field guide–small enough to
carry in your pocket–a flora is a comprehensive desk reference.
The details are easy to understand with a few simple directions.
Authority–the person who
published the scientific name.
Genus
+
Species epithet
Common names–local names.
Codes that follow indicate the
species is endemic, illustrated
in the flora, and weedy.
= Binomial nomenclature
Synonyms–names used in
earlier publications.
(the 2-name system used by
scientists around the world)
Descriptions give features
for identifying the species.
Before binomials, organisms
were known by long descriptive
word strings–some up to 63
words! Latin was the universal
language of education when
Linnaeus introduced his 2-word
system for scientific names.
The 2n is the diploid
chromosome count.
Chromosome counts vary
greatly among plants.
They can indicate if a plant
is polyploid (> 2 sets of
chromosomes) due to
hybridization.
Linnaeus used the new naming
system for plants in the 1753
publication Species Plantarum
and for animals in the 1758
publication Systema Naturae,
10th edition.
Flowering time, habitat, &
distribution are helpful.
Some species in the same
area stagger flowering time,
reducing competition for
pollinators. Related species
often live in different areas
or habitats.
And he changed his
Swedish name,
Carl von Linné,
to a Latin form,
Carolus Linnaeus.
Why bother learning binomials? Latin binomials might seem like a difficult mouthful, but they
guarantee someone knows exactly which plant you are talking about. There is one correct Latin name for a
species, but often many common names. Luckily, there is no universally correct pronunciation: just as the
British ta-MAH-toe and the American ta-MAY-toe are both correct pronunciations of tomato.
Linnaeus named the genus Uvularia because the flowers hang down in a way that reminded him of the small
mass of tissue above the tongue, the uvula. He chose the species epithet sessilifolia to describe the way the
leaves, lacking a petiole, sit directly on the stem (Latin sessilis, seated, and folia, leaves).
How much did you discover about Uvularia sessilifolia just by learning its Latin binomial?
How to Use a Flora Fact Sheet by C.A. Hemingway, Ph.D.
© 2004 Flora of North America Association