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Civilization… it’s not just a made-up word anymore Some good words to know • nomad – people who wander from place to place with no permanent settlements • hunter-gatherer – nomadic groups who depend on hunting animals and collecting plant foods Farm-Aid (8,000 B.C.) • Neolithic (agricultural) Revolution – Cro-Magnon women accidentally plant crops – beginning of farming • Which leads to… ? Where’s Guns ‘n Roses?!? • slash-and-burn farming – cut plants and burn them to clear a field –Only good for 1 or 2 years Moo, I say, • domestication – taming of Moo animals –Horses, dogs, goats, pigs, sheep, camels, etc. Finally… Civilization! • 5 characteristics 1)Advanced cities 2)Specialized workers 3)Complex institutions 4)Record keeping 5)Advanced technology Ur… Ur… OH YEAH! • Largest city in Sumer on Euphrates River • ziggurat – large temple in center of city What-a what? • Fertile Crescent – rich land between Persian Gulf and Mediterranean Sea • Tigris and Euphrates Rivers surround Mesopotamia • Flooding leaves silt • Irrigation – bringing water to fields City-state… isn’t that that thing? • Priests control, pushed out by monarchs who establish dynasties • Cultural diffusion – new idea spreading from one culture to another Empire, baby, yeah! • First empire built by Sargon • From Mediterranean coast to Iran • Only 200 years Babylon fish… translates everything! • Babylonian empire peaked under Hammurabi • What is Hammurabi famous for?