Download Document

Three unrooted trees showing the relationships among the Gnetales
(blue), Conifers (Green), Ginkgo&Cycads(Coral) and Angiosperms
Bowe et al. 2000. Phylogeny of seed plants based on all three genomic compartments: Extant gymnosperms are
(fuschia).
monophyletic and Gnetales' closest relatives are conifers PNAS 97: 4092-4097.
Bootstrap
Value = 92
Bootstrap
Value = 83
Tree based on Phytochrome A and Phytochrome C.
Note high bootstrap values for Amborella as basal
(Matthews and Donoghue, 1999).
Fiji home to
Degeneria
New Caledonia
home to
Amborella
trichopoda!
Degeneria- an old contender for the
earliest angiosperm.
Amborella
(the “A” of ANITA)
showing general
habit: shrub.
UC Santa Cruz Botanical Gardens
Amborella male flower-note “leaflike” stamens and sepals and
petals that are similar (tepals).
Amborella is dioecious.
Amborella branchevergreen, simple, alternate
leaves with wavy edges
www.ucsc.edu/currents/99-00/art/ amborella.flr.99-08-30.jpg
Amborella trichopoda
Amborella is dioecious. Male flowers
are about 4mm across and have
tepals and 6-21 stamens. The reward
for insect pollinators is pollen.
http://www.ucalgary.ca/~laidlaw/amborella/amborella_web.html#By_April_1
Amborella
Female Flowers
tepals
Staminodes
(fake stamens)
3-6 carpels
each a simple
pistil.
Fruits
Female
Flowering
Shoot
Seeds
http://www.ucalgary.ca/~laidlaw/amborella/amborella_web.html#By_April_1
Three unrooted trees showing the relationships among the Gnetales
(blue), Conifers (Green), Ginkgo&Cycads(Coral) and Angiosperms
Bowe et al. 2000. Phylogeny of seed plants based on all three genomic compartments: Extant gymnosperms are
(fuschia).
monophyletic and Gnetales' closest relatives are conifers PNAS 97: 4092-4097.
Bootstrap
Value = 92
Bootstrap
Value = 83
Tree based on Phytochrome A and Phytochrome C.
Note high bootstrap values for Amborella as basal
(Matthews and Donoghue, 1999).
Qiu et al.’s Tree
(Nature, 25 November 1999)
Based on 5 - genes
2-mitochondrial
2-plastid
Magnoliids
1-nuclear
Basal
Angiosperms
Bootstrap Value = 100
Illiciales
Nymphaeales
Amborella
Barkman et al.
6-gene tree
(PNAS 2000).
9-gene tree
Barkman et al. 2000
Barkman et al. comparison of bootstrap values for Root A
(Amborella and Nymphaeales) vs Root B (Amborella alone).
Dark bars are noise-reduced; open are raw data.
Amborella alone is
in the basal clade
Amborella and
Nymphaeales
share the basal
clade
Support Leans
Towards a Shared
Clade
Textbook
Version of the 4
Main Groups
These 3 groups
are unresolved
4 Main Angiosperm
Groups Shown on
Qiu’s Tree
4. Eudicots- the
largest group
2. Magnoliids
3. Monocots
1. Basal Angiosperms
+
=Illiciales
(Trimeniaceae, Amborella)
Amborella is native
to New Caledonia
Austrobaileya
The ANITA group is mostly Australasian.