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Weather and Climate Solar System • Consists of the sun and the objects that move around it Earth and the Sun • Earth is tilted at 23.5 Degrees from the sun • This determines the amount of sunlight an area receives and the seasons Seasons Seasons • Seasons in the Northern and Southern hemispheres are opposite • When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere and vice versa • Areas near the equator receive the most direct sunlight and have the most constant year round temperatures Weather • The condition of the atmosphere at a particular time and place, with regard to the temperature • Weather changes or is temporary Climate • The weather in some location averaged over some long period of time usually thirty or more years • Stays fairly constant unlike weather Climate Zones • Climatologist determine climate regions by: 1. Vegetation 2. Temperature 3. Rainfall Climate Zones • - Polar: Ice Caps - Polar: Tundra Subtropical: Dry Summer Subtropical: Dry Winter Subtropical: Humid Subtropical: Marine West Coast Subtropical: Mediterranean Subtropical: Wet Tropical: Monsoon Tropical: Savannah/Grasslands Tropical: Wet Plate Tectonics • The theory that the Earth’s surface is divided into several major, slow moving plates Plate Tectonics Divergent boundaries occur where two plates slide apart from each other Convergent boundaries occur where two plates slide towards each other forming a subduction zone (if one plate moves underneath the other) Plate Tectonics Precipitation Terms • Fog: forms close to the ground when cold air settles • Stratus Clouds: gray sheets that indicate slow steady rain • Cumulus Clouds: fair weather clouds • Cumulonimbus: Indicate thunderstorms and strong winds • Cirrus Clouds: made of ice crystals Types of Wind • Trade Winds: Cold wind moving from poles to equator • Doldrums: Windless band between 10N and 10S • Front: When warm and cold air meet causing a storm • Westerlies: Wind of the middle latitudes • Prevailing Winds: Constant global winds Water Cycle Water Cycle • Condensation: changing liquid water into gas • • • • vapor Transpiration: when plants breathe water vapor back into air Groundwater: Precipitation that sinks into the ground Surface Runoff: collects in streams and lakes then into the Ocean Water Table: area between zone of aeration and saturation