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Severe Weather Severe Weather There are many types including: Questions: List various forms of severe weather. Lots of rain Lightning Hurricanes Hail Tornadoes Cyclones Blizzards SC.912.E.7.6 Relate the formation of severe weather to the various physical factors. SC.912.E.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced and can influence human behavior, both individually and collectively. Thunderstorm Questions: What is a thunderstorm? What are the stages of a thunderstorm? Thunderstorm – brief heavy storm with rain, thunder, lightning, and strong winds Stages: 1. Cumulus stage – warm air rises to form clouds 2. Mature stage – the sever weather occurs 3. Dissipating stage – storm decreases SC.912.E.7.6 Relate the formation of severe weather to the various physical factors. SC.912.E.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced and can influence human behavior, both individually and collectively. Lightning Lightning – the discharge of electrical charges Questions: What is thunder and lightning and how do they form? It occurs when ice and water in clouds rub together causes charges to build up Positive charges - at the top of cloud Negative charges - at the bottom of the clouds Too much builds up and the electrons travel to the ground As the electricity heats the air next to it, it expands quickly making thunder SC.912.E.7.6 Relate the formation of severe weather to the various physical factors. SC.912.E.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced and can influence human behavior, both individually and collectively. Hurricanes Questions: What is a hurricane and how does it form? Hurricane – a tropical storm with winds are more than 74mph that spiral in toward the center Range from category 1 - 5 How it forms: Warm moist air over ocean rises and forms clouds Clouds rotate counter clockwise (in north) A low pressure forms in the center as the hot lighter air rises and pushes cold heavy air out of the way SC.912.E.7.6 Relate the formation of severe weather to the various physical factors. SC.912.E.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced and can influence human behavior, both individually and collectively. Parts of the hurricane Questions: What are the parts of a hurricane? 3 layers of thick cumulonimbus clouds – spiraling upward around the center The eye – the center of the storm Calm and clear The eyewall – part bordering the eye Highest winds are here SC.912.E.7.6 Relate the formation of severe weather to the various physical factors. SC.912.E.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced and can influence human behavior, both individually and collectively. Internal Hurricane Structure Dangers of hurricanes Storm surge – rising sea levels with large wave Questions: Explain the dangers of a hurricane. As air in center rises it pulls ocean water upward – as it travels onto land it creates storm surges Wind damage – determined by speed of wind, how buildings are constructed, etc. SC.912.E.7.6 Relate the formation of severe weather to the various physical factors. SC.912.E.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced and can influence human behavior, both individually and collectively. Cyclones Questions: What is a cyclone? Cyclone – an area with low pressure that has winds moving toward the rising air in the center of an area Occurs in the mid-western US Also - what hurricanes are called in the Indian ocean SC.912.E.7.6 Relate the formation of severe weather to the various physical factors. SC.912.E.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced and can influence human behavior, both individually and collectively. Cyclone formation Questions: Explain how a cyclone forms? 1. It starts where warm and cold air move parallel but in opposite directions 2. A piece of the cold front moves faster creating a wave 3. The fast moving cold overtakes the warm front and starts to spin SC.912.E.7.6 Relate the formation of severe weather to the various physical factors. SC.912.E.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced and can influence human behavior, both individually and collectively. http://esminfo.prenhall.com/science/geoanimations/animations/Tornadoes.html http://www.bom.gov.au/lam/Students_Teachers/cycmod.shtml Tornadoes Questions: What is a tornado and how does it form? Tornado – rotating column of fast moving wind that is visible a funnel shape Occur mostly in late spring and early fall Winds up to 400mph Formation: 1. Hot dry air moves up and meets with cold air moving down 2. Air starts to spiral 3. It may develop a funnel shape If it does touch – it wanders haphazardly and can rise and touch down again SC.912.E.7.6 Relate the formation of severe weather to the various physical factors. SC.912.E.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced and can influence human behavior, both individually and collectively. EF 0 EF 1 EF 2 EF 3 EF 4 EF 5 How does the Enhanced Fujita Scale work? Gale Tornado: 65-85 miles per hour (mph) Some damage to chimneys. Tree branches broken off. Shallow-rooted trees uprooted. Moderate Tornado: 86-110 mph Roof surfaces peeled off. Mobile homes overturned. Moving autos pushed off roads. Significant Tornado: 111-135 mph Considerable damage. Roofs torn off frame houses. Large trees snapped or uprooted. Light object projectiles generated. Severe Tornado: 136-165 mph Severe damage. Roofs and some walls torn off well-constructed homes. Most trees in forests uprooted. Heavy cars lifted off ground. Devastating Tornado: 166-200 mph Well-constructed houses leveled. Structures blown off weak foundations. Cars thrown and large projectiles generated. Incredible Tornado: 200+ mph Strong frame houses lifted off foundations and disintegrated. Automobile-sized projectiles fly through the air in excess of 100 mph. Trees debarked. Blizzards Ice storms Measuring weather in lower atmosphere Questions: List the instruments used to measure weather. We measure to try to predict future weather events Thermometers – temperature Psychrometer – humidity Barometer – air pressure Anemometer – wind speed Wind vein – wind direction SC.912.E.7.5 Predict future weather conditions based on present observations and conceptual models and recognize limitations and uncertainties of such predictions. Rain Gauge Hydrometer Mercurial Barometer Anemometer Wind vein Measuring weather in upper atmosphere Questions: What instruments are used to measure weather in the upper atmosphere? Radiosonde – many instruments lifted by balloon Doppler Radar – uses reflected radio waves to determine velocity and location of weather Weather satellites – create images of weather Computers – used for doing the math and store data for comparisons SC.912.E.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced and can influence human behavior, both individually and collectively. Radiosonde Satellite Doppler Radar Forecasting weather Questions: What are used to forecast weather and what are their limitation? What is the difference between isobars and isotherms? Use weather maps and models to put collected information in a picture To try to predict but - these are limited and not always accurate Map includes: Have different symbols and colors to represent specific weather Have isotherms – line connecting equal temperatures Have isobars – lines connecting equal pressures SC.912.E.7.5 Predict future weather conditions based on present observations and conceptual models and recognize limitations and uncertainties of such predictions. Isotherms Isobars Issuing weather alerts Questions: What is the difference between a watch and a warning? Watch – when conditions are ideal for sever weather Warning – when weather has been spotted SC.912.E.7.5 Predict future weather conditions based on present observations and conceptual models and recognize limitations and uncertainties of such predictions. Trying to control the weather Questions: What is cloud seeding, why is it used, and what are the results? Used techniques like cloud seeding Cloud seeding – process of introducing condensation or freezing nuclei into a cloud to force precipitation Purpose – either increase rain, decrease rain, reduce lightning It did not work Still are working on it to try to improve the process SC.912.E.7.5 Predict future weather conditions based on present observations and conceptual models and recognize limitations and uncertainties of such predictions.