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Weather & Climate Unit Review Where do the cold, dry air masses that move towards us usually develop (come from)? Canada Which Local Wind is shown below? A Land Breeze: At night the cooler air over the land blows out to replace the rising, warm air over the water True or False? Heat is transferred from warmer objects to cooler objects. True! Heat is transferred from warmer objects to cooler objects What is the most abundant gas in the dry air in our atmosphere? Nitrogen What causes air & water to appear to curve to the right North of the equator & to the left South of the equator? The Coriolis Effect What is the windless area near the equator that has rainy, cloudy weather almost every afternoon? Doldrums What is the narrow belt of strong winds that pilots use when flying eastward to save time & fuel? Jet Stream Which winds are responsible for moving weather across the U.S.? Prevailing Westerlies Name the storm: Forms over warm, moist ocean water as a low pressure system; may last a week or longer; loses strength as it crosses land Hurricane Which storms may form as cold, dry air from Canada meets warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico? Tornadoes Which breeze is shown below? Sea Breeze: During the day, warm air rises over the land, allowing the cooler air from the water to blow in. What powers the water cycle? The SUN! Which step of the water cycle is described below? Water is heated and changes from a liquid to a gas Evaporation: When water is heated and changes from a liquid to a gas Air pressure and density decrease as ___________ increases, making it harder to breathe high up in the mountains. Altitude Which area on the Earth gets the most direct sunlight (solar radiation) all year long? Near the equator What is the protective envelope of gases that surround Earth? Atmosphere What is the main reason that we have four different seasons where we live? Because the Earth is tilted on its axis so, different areas on Earth are tilted towards the sun at different times of the year. In which layer of the atmosphere does our weather take place? Troposphere Where do the warm, moist air masses that move toward us develop (come from)? Gulf of Mexico What provides Earth’s energy? The Sun What are the three things that can happen to the energy that comes from the sun? Absorbed by the atmosphere Absorbed by the land and water Reflected by into space What is the term that refers to the pattern of weather that occurs in an area over many years? Climate What are the three types of heat transfer that work together to warm the troposphere? Conduction Convection Radiation What is the force pushing down on an area or surface? Air pressure What is the natural process where gases hold heat in the air under a “blanket” in the atmosphere, helping to keep Earth’s temperature constant and comfortable for living things? Greenhouse Effect What is the name of the currents created when warm air rises and cooler air moves down—this cycle repeats over and over to balance the changing temperatures? Convection currents Where is the ozone layer found? In the Stratosphere Which layer of the atmosphere protects Earth from most meteoroids? Mesosphere Which clouds are fluffy, rounded cotton-like clouds that are seen on sunny days? Cumulus What is a huge body of air that has similar temperature, humidity & air pressure at any height called? Air mass What always follow lightning? Thunder Which storm forms from similar clouds that bring thunderstorms, occur in the spring & summer, and are described as whirling, funnel-shaped clouds that reach from the storm cloud to the ground? Tornado Which air mass forms over oceans and may be tropical or polar? Maritime Which term refers to any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth’s surface? Precipitation What is the name for the area in the mid U.S. where as many as 800 tornadoes occur each year due to the meeting of warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico & cold, dry air from Canada? Tornado Alley How does hail form? Round pellets bounce around inside thunderstorm clouds What is the name of the type of scientist who study the causes of weather and try to make predictions using maps, charts, and computers? Meteorologists Because the Earth’s axis is tilted, the seasons change as different hemispheres receive more or less direct sunlight. When it is winter in the southern hemisphere, what season is it in the northern hemisphere? Summer Which clouds are fluffy, rounded cotton-like clouds that grow large, turn dark, and bring thunderstorms? Cumulonimbus Which type of front causes sudden thunderstorms as dense air sinks under slow-moving warm fronts? Cold fronts Which winds blow from the poles? Polar Easterlies