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Air Masses: A large body of air with the same temperature and moisture throughout. Air formed over warm water is warm and moist. Air formed over land in north is cold and dry. Four different surface conditions that form air masses. Air over land = Dry Air over water = Moist Air near poles = Cold Air near equator = Warm High & Low Pressure Systems High pressure systems bring clear, skies, dry weather and gentle winds. COLD AIR Low pressure systems bring cloudy, wet weather, with strong gusty winds. WARM AIR Fronts: When one air mass comes in contact with another, the boundary between them is called a front. Often producing clouds, strong winds, and precipitation. TYPES OF FRONTS: Cold Front : cold air mass pushes under a warm air mass. Bring heavy rain, gusty winds, and cooler temperatures. Warm Front: warm air mass pushes under cold air mass. Bring light rain lasting a few days and warmer temperatures. Stationary Front. When a warm or cold front stops moving. These type of conditions can last for days. Temperatures remain stagnant and winds are gentle to nil. Occluded Front: the cold front over takes the warm front. The weather is not as extreme Forecasting An attempt to predict future weather. Decrease in air pressure = stormy weather. While increase in air pressure = fair weather. Increase in clouds front is coming. Weather: Consist of Atmosphere, Temperature, Humidity, Precipitation, Wind, and Cloud Cover Atmosphere: Consist of the gas part of earth Troposphere: Layer of atmosphere that we live in an most weather takes place in. Stratosphere: increase in temp. with increase in altitude red color. Mesosphere: decrease in temp. with increase in altitude. Thermosphere: Outer most layer of atmosphere Temperature: Amount of heat in the air Air Pressure: Measured with barometer, as temperature increases air pressure decreases Humidity: is the amount of water vapor in the air Wind: Movement of air. Measured with a hygrometer. Precipitation: any form of water that falls to earth (rain, sleet, snow, hail) Climate: Average weather of an area over a period of time. Latitude: distance from equator. Altitude: height above sea level. Cooler temperatures at higher altitudes then lower. Latent Heat: Hidden heat. Water has a high latent heat that is why areas near large bodies of water have cooler summers and warmer winters. Air Masses: A large body of air with the same temperature and moisture throughout. Continental: Air formed over continents is dry Maritime: Air formed over water is wet Fronts: When one air mass comes in contact with another air mass Cold Front: cold air mass pushes under a warm air mass. Bring heavy rain, gusty winds, and cooler temperatures. Warm Front: warm air mass pushes under cold air mass. Bring light rain lasting a few days and warmer temperatures.