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Weather & Climate
Benchmark:
•SC.6.E.7.6
Differentiate
between weather
and climate.
Weather:
–Combination of
temperature,
precipitation, cloud
cover, and winds
experienced daily.
Climate:
–Weather conditions of
a place averaged over
a long period of time.
Know the Difference
• Meteorologists often point out that
"climate is what you expect and weather is
what you get."
Or, as one middle school student put it,
"Climate helps you decide what clothes to
buy, weather helps you decide what clothes
to wear."
Why do some regions have a hot
climate, and others cold?
Why do some regions have a hot
climate, and others cold?
• Answer:
Latitude:
Distance from the Equator is a key factor in determining
whether a climate is hot or cold.
• Places closer to the
North and South
poles = colder
temperatures
• Places near the
equator = warmer
temperatures
Ocean Currents:
• Temperature of an
ocean current affects
the temperature of air
that passes over it.
Wind & Air Masses:
• What is an AIR MASS?
• An air mass is a large
volume of air that takes
on the climatic
conditions of the area
where it is formed.
Elevation:
• The Higher in Altitude, the Colder in
Temperature.
• As the air rises, it expands because of the
lower air pressure.
• As the air expands, it cools.
Relief:
• Precipitation created when an air mass rises to
cross a mountain barrier
Near Water:
• In the summer the water acts like an air
conditioner to keep the air temperatures cool
• In the winter water acts like a heater to keep
the temperatures from getting too cold
• Continental Climate (Away from water)
• Maritime Climate (Close to water)
• SC.6.E.7.5 Explain how energy provided by the
Sun influences global patterns of atmospheric
movement and the temperature differences
between air, water, and land. (MAMA)
• SC.6.E.7.1 Differentiate among radiation, conduction, and
convection, the three mechanisms by which heat is transferred
through Earth’s system. (BABY)
Benchmark Break ↓
SC.6.E.7.5 Explain how energy provided by the Sun
influences global patterns of atmospheric
movement and the temperature differences
between air, water, and land.
Rewrite…
KNOW: The Sun heats land and water at different
rates. This difference causes global atmospheric
movement.
DO: EXPLAIN How weather is created due to heat
differences.
Specific Heat
• Specific Heat is how much energy it takes for a
substance to increase by 1⁰C.
Substance
Heat Rate
What it means
Air
Air heats up FAST over
land and SLOWLY over
water
Differences in air
temp. causes WIND.
Land
Low Specific Heat
Heats up & gives heat
away QUICKLY
Water
High Specific Heat
Heats up & gives heat
away SLOWLY
High and Low Pressure
• High pressure occurs at
COOLER temperatures.
The air particles are close
together.
• Low pressure occurs at
HOTTER temperatures.
The air particles are
farther apart.
Sea Breeze
• During the day, the land is HOTTER than the
ocean.
• A breeze moves from the cool air over water
(HIGH pressure) to the warm air over land (LOW
pressure).
Land Breeze
• At night, the ocean is WARMER than the
land.
• A breeze moves from the cool air over land
(HIGH pressure) to the warm air over the
ocean (LOW pressure).
Uneven Heating Sketch
Uneven Heating Review:
Areas near the EQUATOR:
• More direct rays
• More concentrated sunlight
Areas near the POLES:
• More INdirect rays
• Less concentrated sunlight
Say (then write) this Phrase!
•Air likes to go
from HIGH to
LOW!! (pressure)
UNEVEN Heating!- Day
• What substance would heat up more DURING THE
DAY? The least?
UNEVEN Heating!-Night
• What substance would stay warmest AT NIGHT?
The least?
What Creates Wind?
• The Sun heats up the land and water UNEVENLY.
• The air over the water heats up slower than the air over
land.
• The high pressure air moves towards the low pressure.
(This is WIND!)
Weather Map
Part Three Agenda:
•Conduction Review
•Radiation Review
•Convection Review
•Identify the Heat
Transfer
Conduction Review:
• When heat is transferred between two objects
(hot→cold) that are TOUCHING!
• Most commonly, at least one object is a solid,
and the others liquids or gases.
Radiation Review:
• When heat is transferred between two objects
(hot→cold) through EM thermal radiation
WAVES)
• Can travel through the vacuum of space (from
Sun) or through all forms of matter.
Convection Review:
• When heat is transferred by the movement of the
matter (fluids) from hot→cold locations.
• Fluids are substances that are able to “flow” easily.
(liquids or gases).
• Convection currents are formed from hot→cold
locations.
IDENTIFY the heat transfer: