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BIODIVERSITY ECOLOGY: The study of interactions among living and nonliving things • ABIOTIC FACTORS –Non-living factors – Soil, temp., precipitation • BIOTIC FACTORS –Living factors –Ex) plants & animals ORGANISM / SPECIES / INDIVIDUAL A group of organisms so similar that they breed and produce fertile offspring POPULATION All members of a particular species that live in the same area COMMUNITY All the populations that live and interact in the same environment. ECOSYSTEM All the communities that live together with the abiotic factors in the same environment. BIOSPHERE The combined parts of the lithosphere, hydrosphere & atmosphere where life exists. INQUIRY ACTIVITY! • Draw this diagram. • Where do the following terms go in the diagram? – – – – – Ecosystem Biosphere Community Individual Population • Explain to a neighbor & write your answers. BIODIVERSITY The variety of different species in an ecosystem. All of the variety of organisms in the biosphere. BIODIVERSITY IS DEPENDANT ON… 1. Genetic Variation within Populations: The difference that exist in a species’ genetic makeup which makes one individual different from one another individual. Genetic variation within three butterfly species. Three different butterfly species (top row) show distinct wing colors and patterns. When individuals from the same three species are born in a different season, they each show different wing color and pattern phenotypes (bottom row). This is a reflection of the variation that exists in the gene pool. 2. Variations of populations with ecosystems Importance of Biodiversity include: 1. Resource use: Species can provide us with foods, industrial products and medicines 2. Healthy/Stable Ecosystems: Organisms are important to the flow of energy and matter through the food web. SNOWBALL ACTIVITY ON A HALF SHEET OF PAPER, WRITE DOWN YOUR TOP 2 IDEAS FOR THE LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY THROW YOUR “SNOWBALL” INTO THE CRATE! LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY DUE TO: 1. Loss of habitat 2. Demand for wildlife products 3. Pollution 4. Introduced species Problems Associated with the Loss of Biodiversity… • Local: • Global: EXTINCTION Disappearance of a species from all or part of its range 1. Mass extinction: an extinction that has killed many species at one time Ex) Dinosaurs 2. Species Extinction: one species disappears from the planet Ex) Dodo bird, Tasmanian Devil 3. Local extinction: A species disappears from 1 location but may be found in another location CONSERVATION EFFORTS Today, we try to protect entire ecosystems AND single species. 1.Seed Banking 2.Endangered Species Act (ESA) 3.Land Allocation (preserves) 4.Captive Breeding ENDANGERED SPECIES ACTIVITY