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Biology and Physiology of
Laboratory Rodents
Bersényi, András DVM, PhD
research fellow
Szent István Univ.
Fac. of Veterinary Science
Institute of Anim. Breeding, Nutrition and Lab Anim. Sci.
[email protected]
Experimental animals
 Lab animals
Állatmodellekkel
szembeni elvárások
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Accurate mimicry
Data extrapolation
Result reproduction
Readily available
Tractable
Convenient size and prolificacy
Long lifetime
Easy to maintain
Relatively inexpensive
Mouse (M. musculus)
Taxonomy
Class: Glires
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Myomorpha
Family: Muridae
Genus & Species:
Mus house mouse (M. musculus)
History
Biology
I. Large Surface Area
(20 g: 36 cm2)
Cold
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(thermoneutral zone: 29.6-30.5 C)
Heat
Conclusion: housing (20-24oC!),
drinking water, floor
II. Fast Heart and Respiratory
Frequency
(100-200/min.; 300-800/min.)
III. Urinary System
IV. Pheromones
Lee-Boot-, Whitten-, Bruce-effect
Mice in Research
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Gerontology:
Genetics: (pregnancy: 19-21 days vs rat: 21-23 days)
Oncology:
Virology:
Toxicology
Radiobiology:
Rat (R. norvegicus)
Taxonomy
Class: Glires
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Myomorpha
Family: Muridae
Genus & Species:
Rattus Norwegian rat (R. norvegicus)
History
Biology
Heat loss: sweat glands, tail vessels,
saliva on body
Rats in Research
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Nutrition
Toxicology
Behaviour (stress)
Inherited Diseases:
hypertension, diabetes insipidus, retinal
degeneration,
audiogenic
seizures,
hydrocephalus, microophtalmia, deafness,
obesity, non-eruption of teeth
Syrian/Golden Hamsters
(M. auratus)
Chinese/striped back hamster (Cricetus griseus)
Armenian/grey hamster (Cricetulus migratorius)
European hamster (Cricetus cricetus)
Taxonomy
Suborder: Myomorpha
Family: Cricetidae
Genus & Species:
Mesocricetus golden hamster (M. auratus)
History
Allepo, Syria (1930)
Biology
• black spot/sebaceous gland (males!)
I. Prolificacy
(6 litters/year, 4-10 pups/litter)
II. Freedom from Spontaneous
Diseases
III. Anatomy & Physiology
• Hibernation (2-3 days sleep + 12 hrs wakefulness):
• Cheek Pouch:
• Dentition:
• Respiratory Tract:
IV. Rapid Development
(pregnancy: 15-17 days)
Other
Chinese hamster
Gerbil (M. unguiculatus)
Taxonomy
Suborder: Myomorpha
Family: Cricetidae
Genus & Species:
Meriones Mongolian gerbil (M. unguiculatus)
History
Biology
• sebaceous glands (males!)
• short erythrocyte lifespan
• desert origin:
(thermoneutral zone (0-35oC), water
requirement, urine excretion)
• free of spontaneous diseases
Gerbils in Research
• neurological research:
idiopathic epilepsy
• cholesterol metabolism:
obesity
atherosclerosis
Guinea pig (C. porcellus)
short-haired/English
rough-haired/Abyssinian (Ethiopian),
long-haired/Peruvian
Suborder: Hystricomorpha
Family: Caviidae
Octodontidae
Genus & Species:
Cavia guinea pig (C. porcellus)
History
Biology
• 1 pair of nipples; fingers: 4/3
• Biorhythm: appr. 20 hours activity and
appr. 10 min sleeping
• Coprophagia
- caecotrophy
(rabbit; guinea pig; chinchilla; degu; hamster; rat!)
Chemical composition of the
rabbit’s two types of faeces
(Fekete and Bokori, 1984)
Form
Normal
hard, singular
globules
Caecotroph
5-10 globules,
cluster
50-55
15-16
30
low
30-40
25-30
15-18
high
Components
Dry matter (%)
Crude protein (%)
Crude fibre (%)
Vitamin ‘B’
• Faeces of guinea pigs
- Normal: crescent-shaped & dark
- Caecotroph:
cucumber seed-shaped & bright
• Kurloff cells (3-4%)
Guinea pigs in Research
• Easy to immunize: TBC, diphtheria,
leptospirosis, brucellosis
• Otology research
• Scorbutus