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Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation
Section 1: Biodiversity
Section 2: Threats to Biodiversity
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Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.1 Biodiversity
What is biodiversity?
 Biodiversity is the variety of life in an area
that is determined by the number of different
species in that area.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.1 Biodiversity
 The variety of genes or inheritable
characteristics that are present in a population
comprises its genetic diversity.
 Genetic diversity increases the chances that
some species will survive during changing
environmental conditions or during the
outbreak of disease.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.1 Biodiversity
 The number of
different species
and the relative
abundance of each
species in a
biological
community is called
species diversity.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.1 Biodiversity
 The variety of ecosystems that are present
in the biosphere is called ecosystem
diversity.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.1 Biodiversity
The Importance of Biodiversity
 Most of the world’s food crops
come from just a few species.
Teosinte plant
Domestic corn plant
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.1 Biodiversity
 A healthy biosphere
provides many services
to humans and other
organisms that live
on Earth.
 Green plants provide
oxygen to the atmosphere and remove
carbon dioxide (via photosynthesis).
 Natural processes provide drinking water
that is safe for human use.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Vocabulary
Section 1
extinction
biodiversity
genetic diversity
species diversity
ecosystem diversity
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.1 Formative
Questions
Which has indirect economic value?
A. ecosystems that
decompose wastes
B. organisms that provide
food and shelter
C. plants that contain
medicinal substances
D. species that have
desirable genetic traits
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
B
C
D
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.1 Formative
Questions
It is likely that some of
the world’s unidentified
species will have
economic value.
A. true
B. false
1.
2.
0%
A
0%
B
A
B
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.1 Formative
Questions
When does the aesthetic value of an ecosystem
become most apparent?
A. when scientists begin to
study the ecosystem
B. when the ecosystem
has been destroyed
C. when the ecosystem is
given economic value
0%
A
0%
B
1.
2.
3.
0%
C
A
B
C
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Extinction Rates
 The gradual process of species becoming
extinct is known as background extinction.
 Mass extinction is an event in which a large
percentage of all living species become
extinct in a relatively short period of time.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Factors that Threaten Biodiversity
 The current high rate of extinction is due to the
activities of a single species—Homo sapiens.
 Humans are changing conditions on Earth
faster than new traits can evolve to cope with
the new conditions.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Overexploitation
 Overexploitation, or excessive use, of species that
have economic value is a factor increasing the
current rate of extinction.
 Bison
 Passenger pigeons
 Ocelot
 Rhinoceros
Rhinoceros
Ocelot
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Habitat Loss
 If a habitat is destroyed or disrupted, the native
species might have to relocate or they will die.
Destruction of Habitat
 The destruction of habitat, such as the clearing
of tropical rain forests, has a direct impact on
global biodiversity.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Disruption of Habitat
 The declining
population of
one species
can affect an
entire
ecosystem.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Fragmentation of Habitat
 The separation of an ecosystem into small pieces
of land is called habitat fragmentation.
 The smaller the parcel of land, the fewer species it
can support.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Pollution
 Pollution and atmospheric
changes threaten biodiversity
and global stability.
 Biological magnification is the
increasing concentration of
toxic substances in organisms
as trophic levels increase in a
food chain or food web.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Acid Precipitation
 Sulfur and nitrogen compounds react with
water and other substances in the air to form
sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
 Acid precipitation removes calcium, potassium,
and other nutrients from the soil, depriving
plants of these nutrients.
Assessing
Water Quality
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Eutrophication
 Eutrophication occurs when substances rich
in nitrogen and phosphorus flow into
waterways, causing extensive algae growth.
 The algae use up the oxygen supply during
their rapid growth and after their deaths
during the decaying process.
 Other organisms in the water suffocate.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Introduced Species
 Nonnative species that are either intentionally or
unintentionally
transported to a
new habitat are
known as
introduced
species.
 Introduced species often reproduce in large numbers
because of a lack of predators, and become invasive
species in their new habitat.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Vocabulary
Section 2
background
extinction
mass extinction
edge effect
biological
magnification
natural resource
eutrophication
overexploitation
introduced species
habitat
fragmentation
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Formative
Questions
Which describes the current rate of species
disappearance?
A. background extinction
B. mass extinction
C. natural extinction
D. progressive extinction
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
A
0%
0%
B
C
A
B
C
D
0%
D
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Formative
Questions
Where are most extinctions likely to occur
in the near future?
A. deserts
B. grasslands
C. tropical forests
D. temperate forests
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
A
0%
0%
B
C
A
B
C
D
0%
D
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Formative
Questions
What is the primary factor that has endangered
the North American bison and the white
rhinoceros?
A. habitat loss
B. eutrophication
C. overexploitation
D. nonnative predators
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
A
0%
0%
B
C
A
B
C
D
0%
D
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Formative
Questions
What is the number one cause of species
extinction today?
A. habitat loss
B. human predators
C. transported diseases
D. background extermination
0%
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
0%
B
C
A
B
C
D
0%
D