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How Is Miramare Doing? WWF-Riserva naturale marina di Miramare Reasons for participating as a pilot site • Miramare is the oldest MPA in Italy (1986) • Miramare is one of the smallest MPA in Italy (120 hectares) • Miramare could be considered as a “Town park” • Miramare did not have an evaluation program to measure effectiveness… Now we have one! Miramare MPA overview The Miramare Natural Marine Reserve (45°42'N; 13°42'E) • Located about 8 km from the city of Trieste, Italy. • Coastline of 1,700 m and an area of 120 hectares, divided into: –a core zone (30 hectares) –buffer zone (90 hectares) • The maximum depth reaches 18 m. Miramare MPA overview Major ecological features : - Tidal flats with significant tidal range (about 2 m) - High temperature variation in the water column - Fresh water flows from rain and watershed systems - Coastal currents influenced by strong winds - Both soft and hard bottoms represented along the coast - Input of new oxygenated water into Mediterranean Sea - Eurihaline and eurithermal benthic communities. Major goals and objectives of Miramare MPA Goal(s) Objective(s) To protect and maintain northern Adriatic (Mediterranean sea) biodiversity (habitat, populations, species) To protect in space and in time focal species that are targeted for human use (both extractive and non extractive) To monitor the evolution in time and in space of habitat and/or populations and/or species To protect and maintain northern Adriatic (Mediterranean sea) biodiversity (habitat, populations, species) To maintain esthetic values of the area under the natural and artistic point of view To spread the knowledge regarding marine biology, eco- sustainability, conservation, importance of mpa presence on the territory To protect and maintain northern Adriatic (Mediterranean sea) biodiversity (habitat, populations, species) To manage effectively the mpa and to reduce coastal resource use conflicts How was the project incorporated into existing programs at the Miramare MPA One staff member was appointed to do the field-testing evaluation (part-time) and was responsible for: • Using and adapting the guidebook to the MPA • Organizing meeting with the other staff members in order to coordinate the collection of the data needed to do the evaluation • Preparing the report (evaluation and demonstration case) • Organizing a final meeting with the MPA staff to interpret the results and to plan future activities (e.g. adaptive management strategy) Selected Indicators from the Draft Guidebook Goal(s) Objective(s) Selected Indicator(s) To protect and maintain northern Adriatic (Mediterranean sea) biodiversity (habitat, populations, species) To protect in space and in time focal Biophysical species that are targeted for human indicators use (both extractive and non 1,7,11 extractive) To monitor the evolution in time and in space of habitat and/or populations and/or species To protect and maintain northern Adriatic (Mediterranean sea) biodiversity (habitat, populations, species) To maintain esthetic values of the area under the natural and artistic point of view To spread the knowledge regarding marine biology, eco- sustainability, conservation, importance of mpa presence on the territory Socioeconomic indicators 8/9,12,13,15,16 To protect and maintain northern Adriatic (Mediterranean sea) biodiversity (habitat, populations, species) To manage effectively the mpa and to reduce coastal resource use conflicts Governance indicators 2,3,10,12 What was needed to apply the guidebook Method(s)/instrument(s) from the Guidebook Indicator # Biophysical Socioeconomic 1 Visual census technique 7 Analysis of the water column with CTD probes and Surfer software 11 Differential GPS (Trimble), ArcView software 8/9 12 Method suggested by the Guide book Method suggested by the Guide book 13 Method suggested by the Guide book 15 Method suggested by the Guide book 16 Method suggested by the Guide book 2 Method suggested by the Guide book 3 Method suggested by the Guide book 10 Method suggested by the Guide book 12 Method suggested by the Guide book Governance Other Method(s)/instrument(s) used in your site Classes of abundance (HarmeliVivien et al., 1985) and training on size classes Interwievs to the regional agency Major challenges of the indicators evaluation Biophysical indicators 1: Out of the 7 fish species counted: • 6 (adults) are more abundant within the MPA core area – 1 (juvenile) was more abundant outside the MPA core area (buffer zone) • The recruitment area of the 6 (adults) is supposed to be far away from the MPA • The recruitment area of the species (juvenile) is close the MPA area. • A possible interpretation of these results is that there’s a “spill over” effect of the species found more abundant outside the MPA. “Focal species abundance” data should be enriched by ethological (behavioral) studies. Major challenges of the indicators evaluation Biophysical indicators 7 • Oceanographic physical data is not an indicator of the MPA effectiveness in terms of water quality • Miramare just monitor the water quality, the responsible for water quality is another regional agency. • Miramare cannot control this variable, only report changes on it. The role of Miramare is to educate the community and the decision- makers in order to limit the impact of human pollution. Major challenges of the indicators evaluation Socioeconomic and governance (S-E 8/9, 12, 15,: Gov 2) • The evaluation of these indicators was measured during winter time (60 interviews) • We have only preliminary result • New data collected during the 2003 summer are currently under analysis (about 300 interviews were performed) How results will be used? (adaptive management strategy) • Visual census program (inside-outside; research program with the university of Trieste to decide the “useful” species to count as indicator BPh 1) (Bph 1) • Creation of areas free from educational activities (Bph 11) • Research focused on recruitment of focal species (Bph 1) • Socioeconomic and governance research program with the University of Trieste (S-E & Gov indicators) • Creation of a new enforcement procedure with the CDP in order to do a more efficient control of the MPA (Gov 11) • Improved procedures for disseminating scientific results obtained from studies within the MPA and the surrounding area (S-E & Gov indicators)