Download Ecology Ch. 4 and 6 notes - Garnet Valley School District

Biotic and Abiotic Factors
• Biotic Factors are the living components of
an ecosystem. (predator/prey interactions)
• Abiotic Factors are the nonliving parts of
the ecosystem. They are considered to be
LIMITING FACTORS that determine
which types of organisms can live there.
Examples: ????
An organism’s role in its environment
is its niche.
If two species are trying to use the same
niche, competition will occur and only
one species will successfully survive there.
Symbiosis is a relationship where two
organisms live very close to one another.
There are three major types of symbiotic
relationships.
1. Mutualism – both organisms benefit.
Sea anemone and clownfish
2. Commensalism – one organism benefits,
the other is neither benefits nor it harmed.
bird and capybara
3. Parasitism – a symbiotic relationship
where one organism benefits and the
other organism is harmed.
parasitic videos
AP Bio:
Aposematic coloration
Batesian mimicry
Mullerian mimicry
Ecological Succession is a series of
predictable changes in abiotic and
biotic parts of a community of
organisms over time.
Succession starts with pioneer organisms
and over many years results in a climax
forest community that is very stable.
Succession on Land
http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/9i.html
Forest Fire
http://www.biology.duke.edu/bio217/2005/nlg3/CC_ecology.htm
Succession
http://fire.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/research/climate_change/carbon/carbon_postfire_e.htm
Primary succession would occur on
rock after a volcanic eruption.
Secondary succession would occur after
a man-made disturbance such as a fire or
deforestation.
Succession in
a Lake
Ecosystem
http://www.kidfish.bc.ca/images/lake%20succession.gif
Biome –
Renewable Resources – can be restored
during your lifetime.
Non-renewable Resources – cannot be
restored during your lifetime.
Burning non-renewable resources (fossil
fuels) as an energy supply causes an
increase in production of greenhouse
gases like…..
This may lead to global warming.
• Acid Precipitation – Precipitation with a pH
level below 5.2.
• The primary cause is burning of fossil
fuels which releases nitrogen and
sulfur compounds that turn acidic
when mixed with water vapor in the
atmosphere.
Burning non-renewable resources (fossil
fuels) as an energy supply causes
environmental problems like acid rain
because…..
Use of aerosol products and refrigerants
causes the release of CFC’s (chlorofluorocarbons) into the atmosphere. This
causes depletion of the ozone layer (which
normally protects the earth from harmful
ultraviolet light.)