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Mold Damage on Ceiling and Wall
Classification Fungi based on hypha:
Somatic hyphae .A) Portion of a hypha having more than one
nucleus (nonseptate);
B) Portion of a septate hypha.
I- Septate Hypha
1- Aspergillus sp.
Mould , Filametous, cosmopolitan, ubiquitous
Over 185 species, around 20 species are opportunistic
infection in man, 4 common : A. fumigatus, flavus, niger,
terreus
Microscopic features:
Conidiophore, Vesicle at the apex bearing flask shaped phialides
which are uniseriate ( attached to the vesicle directly) or are
biseriate ( attaced to the vesicle by supporting cell Matula).
Colred spores according to the species. In chains from the end
of the phialides.
Aspergillus fumigatus cause of
Aspergillosis.
2- Penicillium spp.
Widely distributed in nature .
The name Penicillium comes from penicillus = brush,
and this is based on the brush-like appearance of the
fruiting structures
Has NO vesicle
Conidiophore simple or
branched and terminated
by phialides
Apple rotting Penicillium expansum.
The fungus ,Penicillium expansum ,not
only causes fruit decay but also produces
the carcinogenic mycotoxin patulin .
Patulin is also an antibiotic.[1] Several
countries have instituted patulin
restrictions in apple products. The World
Health Organization recommends a
maximum concentration of 50 µg/L in
apple juice.[
Penicillium roquefortii used in the manufacture of
blue cheese .
Citrus fruits Penicillium italicum
two species of Penicillium at
the same time. The
smaller bluish colony is
Penicillium italicum .The
larger olive-green colony is
Penicillium
digitatum .These are the
two common species of
Penicillium attacking citrus
fruits .
Penicillium chrysogenum
The Drug penicillin
A commonly mould in
most homes
3- Cladosporium sp
Cladosporium appears gray to black or very dark green and can
have a powdery appearance. The genus Cladosporium includes
over 30 species.
Black molds ( black pigment protect it from Uv).
Commen on decaying plant.
Conidiophore long and branchedspores one or two celled and occur in long branching chains that arise from
Cladosporium sp. – Most
commonly identified outdoor
fungus. Common cause of
extrinsic asthma
Culture of Cladsporium
cladosporioides
Conidiophores and conidia of Cladosporium cladosporioides .
Cladosporium fulvum - Cladosporium Leaf
Mold of Tomatoes
4- Fusarium sp.
Filamentous
Conidiophores vary depend on the species, thin or thick and
clustered to form sporodochia
Fusarium Root Rot - Fusarium sp .
Macroconidies falciformes
Fusarium sp.
Fusarium oxysporum, the fungus that causes Fusarium wilt of watermelon and muskmelon,
as it would be seen under a high-power laboratory microscope: (a) conidiophores, many
bearing macroconidia; (b) macroconidia; microconidia; (d) thick-walled chlamydospores
5- Alternaria sp.
Production of melanin- like pigment
Conidiophores divided
Conidiophores have vertical and transverase septa
Some Conidiophores have terminal end
Non septate hypha
Mucor sp.
• Sporingiophore
derived from
branched hypha
• Sporangiospores
• Large columella
Rhizopus sp
Cosmopolitan filamentous
fungus
Common contaminants
Occational causes of serious
infection in human
Some species are plant
pathogen
Absidia sp
Rhizoids are
rarely
observed, when
present THE
Sporangiophor
e arise on
stolon from
points between
the rhizoids
Pilobolus kleinii
dung-loving
The black caps containing the
spores are shot off violently a
distance of up to six feet and stick
to grass blades in the vicinity. The
grass and caps are eventually eaten
by herbivores. The spores are
released during digestion and are
dispersed in the fecal droppings of
the herbivore to start the cycle
again .
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
)‫مرض العفن األبيض (االسكليروتيني‬
Sclerotinia Rot