Download Community Interaction

Community Interactions
Community Interactions
• Community: Many
species interacting
in the same
environment
• Three types of
interactions:
– Competition
– Predation
– Symbiosis
Competition
• Defined: challenge for resources
– Examples: water, nutrients, light, food
• Occurs when resources are limited
• Competitive exclusion principle: no two species can occupy the
same niche in the same habitat at the same time
Competitive Exclusion in Paramecia
We see this in the world of business too
What happens to the small neighborhood hardware store when…
We see this in the world of business too
…Home Depot opens a few blocks away?
Elephant Seals: Competition for mates
Beachmaster
Challenger
Elephant Seals: Competition for mates
Only the beachmaster earns
the right to mate with every
female is his territory. A
typical harem is around 50100 females.
resource
resource
resource
resource
Predation
• Defined: when an organism captures and feeds on
another organism
• Predator: hunter
• Prey: hunted
Symbiosis
• Symbiosis: relationship where two species live closely
together
• Three types
– Mutualism
– Commensalism
– Parasitism
Mutualism
Fungus:
Obtains
nutrients from
the algae
Algae:
Grows among
the cells of the
fungus (home)
• Mutualism: both species benefit from the relationship
• Ex: Lichens (fungus and Algae)
Mutualism
Clown fish:
Obtains a
home and
protection
Anemone:
Eat undigested
food scraps
• Mutualism: both species benefit from the relationship.
• Ex: Lichens (fungus and Algae)
• Ex: Clown fish and anemones
Mutualism
Bird:
Eat parasites
from inside the
crocodile’s
mouth
•
•
•
•
Crocodile:
Gets teeth
cleaned (small
parasites are
eaten by the
bird)
Mutualism: both species benefit from the relationship.
Ex: Lichens (fungus and Algae)
Ex: Clown fish and anemones
Ex: Cleaner birds and crocodiles
Commensalism
Birds: obtain
food
Cattle: no benefit
• Commensalism – One member of a symbiotic relationship benefits
and the other is neither helped or harmed
• Ex: Cattle and Birds
– Birds eat insects stirred up by the cattle
Commensalism
Barnacle:
obtains a
home
Whale:
no
benefit;
no harm
• Commensalism – One member of a symbiotic relationship benefits
and the other is neither helped or harmed
• Ex: Cattle and Birds
– Birds eat insects stirred up by the cattle
• Ex: Barnacles and whales
– Barnacles grow on whale
• Parasitism: One
organism benefits
and the other is
harmed
• Ex: Tapeworm
feeds in a humans
intestines
absorbing his/her
nutrients
Parasitism
Tapeworm: obtains nutrients and a
home
Host: loses nutrients to the tapeworm;
nausea, diarrhea, fatugue
• Parasitism: One
organism benefits
and the other is
harmed
• Ex: Tapeworm
feeds in a humans
intestines
absorbing his/her
nutrients
• Ex: Ticks can pass
disease when they
bite
Parasitism
Ticks: eat the blood of their host
Host: Fever, aches, rash
• Parasitism: One
organism benefits
and the other is
harmed
• Ex: Tapeworm
feeds in a humans
intestines
absorbing his/her
nutrients
• Ex: Ticks can pass
disease when they
bite
Parasitism
Ticks: eat the blood of their host
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Host: Fever, aches, rash
• Parasitism: One
organism benefits
and the other is
harmed
• Ex: Tapeworm
feeds in a humans
intestines
absorbing his/her
nutrients
• Ex: Ticks can pass
disease when they
bite
Parasitism
Ticks: eat the blood of their host
Lyme disease
Host: Fever, aches, rash
Review
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
What is a community?
Name the 3 types of community interactions.
When do organisms usually compete?
How do predators and prey interact?
Name the 3 types of symbiosis.
How does mutualism, commensalism, and
parasitism differ?
7) How does predation differ from parasitism?