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Conservation and Sustainable Use of Medicinal Plants in Arid and Semi-Arid Ecosystems of Egypt Saint Katherine Protectorate • In 1996, SKP declared as full protected area , 4350 km² & World Heritage Site by UNESCO • Unique combination of natural resources, especially high altitude ecosystems with diverse fauna and flora. SKP Globally Significant Endemic MAP Species • 472 plant species • 44% of the total endemic plant species of Egypt • 14 GSMAPs • Long history of Bedouin traditional use of MAP resources SKP Globally Significant MAP Species • Unique Eco- geographic settings • Climatic conditions • Habitat & Micro habitat Diversity • Threats facing MAPs Conservation 1- Feral Donkeys (invasive species) 2- Destructive Harvesting Techniques: 3- Over harvesting 4- Tourists Intrusions 5- Overgrazing 6- Collection for Scientific Research 7- Urbanization and Settlements In addition to Climate Change and drought cycles…. Project Overall Objective & Outcomes The main Objective of the project is the “Conservation and sustainable use of globally significant medicinal plant biodiversity in SKP” Which will be achieved through the reorganisation and rationalisation of the Project’s interventions to achieve 5 Outcomes: Outcome 1: Conservation management of SKP MAP resources strengthened Outcome 2: MAP products market value chain strengthened and sustained Outcome 3: Pressure on target resources reduced by alternatives Outcome 4: MAP conservation and management enabling environment strengthened Outcome 5: Learning, evaluation, and adaptive management increased Outcome 1: Conservation management of SKP MAP resources strengthened CBNRM (Community Based Natural Resources Management) Rehabilitation & Restoration Program Living Collection & Gene Bank Communication, Education, Participation & Awareness Community Based Natural Resources Management CBNRM Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) is a systemic approach to conservation that allows those closest to the resource, and who bear the costs of conservation, to manage the resource and benefit from its management and use Scenario planning Building trust with Bedouin women MAP collectors Women liaison points CBNRM Negotiations with community in SK Rehabilitation & Restoration Program Rehabilitation sites selection MAPs rehabilitated in the selected sites MAP rehabilitation sites monitoring Living Collection & Gene Bank MAPs living collection MAPs greenhouses MAPs seedlings Preservation of MAPs seeds Environmental Awareness and Education Program (EAEP) Educating the Future Community of Saint Katherine 1.The Green School Program 2.Biodiversity Education Activities 3.Drawings From the Environment Program 4.Environmental Awareness Activities & Campaigns Indicators 8 green schools 545 participants at competitions 20 schools involved in EAEP 100 children participated at summer activities Almost 1000 visitors to the greenhouses per annum Biodiversity Education The green school program Environmental Awareness and Education Program (EAEP) Educating the Future Community of Saint Katherine International tourists visitors to MPCP greenhouses Drawings from the environment program Field studies – Biodiversity education activities Competition and Rewards Outcome 2: Developing and strengthening Saint Katherine Medicinal Plants Value Chain The goal of adapting a value chain approach for natural resource management is to motivate the business community to ‘think globally’ and ‘act locally’ with respect to biodiversity and sustainable development aspects. Why value chain approach • Improve Quality • Identify economies of scale ensuring a more efficient product flow • Increase Efficiency • Differentiate Products • • Identify and develop strategic partnerships necessary for the initiative’s growth Ensuring that all actors in the chain benefit • Meet the requirements for certification and national or international standards • Improving access to markets • Achieve sustainable use, fair-trade and benefit sharing principles Strengthening the Value Chain Saint Katherine's Medicinal & Aromatic Plants Value Chain Developing SKP MAP Value Chain 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Identifying SKP MAP Value Chain Partners Bringing Whole System in Room for First Time Building Relationships Establishing Common Goals Establishing SKP MAP value Chain Action Plan Selecting a Steering Committee 7. Initiating Agreements and Contracts Bringing Whole System in Room Building relationships Establishing common goals and action plan Initiating Agreements Strengthening the Value Chain 1. Sustainable plant sourcing 2. Improving the Enabling environment 3. Improve quality 4. Vertical &horizontal linkages & cooperation 5. Improve communications and awareness 6. Improve market access Sustainable plant sourcing Capacity building Improve market access Apply international standard Quality control Traditional handicrafts support and product development Outcome 3:Pressure on target resources reduced by use of alternatives Butane cookers The pharmacy Revenue generation Bee hives for Honey Production Social and economic development Fodder Distribution Outlet Outcome 4: MAP conservation and management enabling environment strengthened Nationwide surveys & National strategy ABS legislation Herbalists school Meetings with MAP collectors Outcome 5: Learning, evaluation, and adaptive management increased MAP database & Digital Herbarium Outcome 5: Learning, evaluation, and adaptive management increased MPCP website GIS and MAPs distribution analysis Social and economic benefits of the MPCP • • • • • • • • Local community economic development i.e. microfinance schemes (more than 100 loans), products development, market access improvement, value chain development, eco-tourism related activities support, CBNRM Revenue generation and business opportunists i.e. bee hives projects, packaging & labeling of medicinal plants, medicinal plants cultivation, traditional crafts support Generation of direct and indirect job opportunities (108 direct job opportunity) Social services i.e. establishment of a pharmacy (serving more than 2500 local citizens), butane cookers, fuel wood Social development i.e. establishment of 2 NGOs, gender equality Cultural support i.e. herbalists school support (15 young herbalists), ABS law Direct and indirect contribution to local and national economy through project expenditures Education and awareness activities i.e. biodiversity education, green school program, summer activities, art classrooms MPCP relevance to GEF Biodiversity Strategic Long-term Objectives & Strategic Programs for GEF Strategic Long-term Objectives Strategic Programs for GEF-4 1: To catalyze sustainability of protected area (PA) systems 1. Sustainable financing of PA systems at the national level 2. 3: To safeguard biodiversity 4. Strengthening the policy and regulatory framework for mainstreaming biodiversity 5. Fostering markets for biodiversity goods and services 6. Building capacity for the implementation of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 7. Prevention, control and management of invasive alien species 4: To build capacity on access and benefit sharing Increasing representation of effectively managed marine PA areas in PA systems 3. Strengthening terrestrial PA networks 2: To mainstream biodiversity in production landscapes/seascapes and sectors MPCP Relevance 8. Building capacity on access and benefit sharing Project Contribution to the MDGs Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger • • • • • Micro Finance Production development Marketing Business opportunities Job opportunities Economic development Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women • • • CBNRM Promote social participation and involvement Handicrafts program Social participation Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability • Conservation & sustainable use of ecosystem goods and services Gender empowerment Medicinal Plants Conservation Project Conserving Global Biodiversity By Developing Local ccCommunities