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Download Multicellular Primary - Broadneck High School
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Multicellular Primary Producers ~ Seaweeds Seaweeds – marine Macroalgae • Threee types – red, brown, and green algae • Most species are benthic • Can be fouling communities – live on bulkheads, pilings or artificial surface • Distinguished by the type of pigment used for photosynthesis and the composition of the cell wall. • Abiotic factors – light, temp., tides, wave action, salinity, nutrients • Chromatic adaptation – ability of plants to alter photosynthetic pigments in response to light conditions • Perennials – live longer than a year Seaweeds – marine Macroalgae Red Algae – phylum Rhodophyta Red algae • Mostly marine • Epiphytes – live on other plants • Adaptations to predation – Make thallus less edible – Changing growing patters(out instead of up) – Complex life cycles • Uses – Agar culture material – Thickening agents in foods and pharmaceuticals – Carrageenan – binding agent in ice cream, pudding and salad dressing – Cosmetics – Sushi, soups and seasonings – Animal feed – fertilizer Red algae life cycle Brown algae – phylum Phaeophyta Brown algae- kelp, sargassum • Mostly marine • Mostly benthic • Microscopic to 100 meters • Very defined holdfast, stipe and blade • Gas filled bladders • Uses – Thickening agents in textiles, dental and cosmetics and food – Human consumption – Cattle feed Brown algae- Adaptations - thin, broad blades allow for floating on top of water where they can use light to photosynthesize - anchors allow them to stay in one place and not float off to places where the conditions may not be as advantageous to their survival - waxy blades prevent them from drying up - pigment fucoxanthin well adapted for absorbing wavelengths of light in their environment to maximize efficiency of photosynthesis - reproduction by flagellate spores allow offspring to be anchored in places where the environment is equally advantageous for their survival. an edible brown seaweed used, typically in dried form, in Chinese and Japanese cooking Kombu Japanese Kelp dish Seaweed laid out for making Maki rolls Green algae – phylum Chlorophyta Example sea lettuce • Very few marine macroalgae • Most are fresh water and phytoplankton • Adaptations to predation: – Rapid growth and reproduction – Can occupy small crevices predators can’t – Deposits calcium carbonate in cell walls – toxins
