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AQUACULTURE: The Blue Revolution? Aquaculture • Status: fastest growing food production industry in the world (1/3 of all fishery landings) Aquaculture: Fish Farms • Energy flow perspective – Terrestrial herbivore (cow) vs. aquatic herbivore (carp) – Salmon vs. carp vs. filter feeders – Farmed salmon vs. wild salmon Sustainable Aquaculture? Sustainable Aquaculture? A Closer Look at Farmed Atlantic Salmon • 95% of Atlantic Salmon population is in Aquaculture! • Health Concerns – Disease, antibiotics, nutrient loading – Human health: cancer • Effect on Wild Salmon genetic adaptability – – – – Inbreeding Competition New selective pressures Food web effects Invasive Species Glossary • native: an organism that is living in its home environment • exotic • non-native • foreign/alien originally from a different location • naturalized: a non-native that has become a part of its new environment • invasive: a non-native that has spread to become a dominant member of its new environment • weed: an invasive species of plant that causes environmental or economic problems - Noxious weed: legally designated as a pest Shrimp Farming • Mangrove destruction – Change of ecosystem structure – Social inequalities • Where does ‘stock’ come from? • Salinization • Land conversion Shrimp Farm in Mexico: www.fao.org/docrep/005/y1818e/y1818e00.jpg Aquaculture: Risks – Impact on wild fish populations • Feed for farmed fish • ‘Seed’ for farmed fish • Fish escapes- invasive species – – – – – Algal blooms Oxygen depletion Downstream impacts Disease (Wet)land conversion Aquaculture: Integrated Systems Approach + Aquaculture: Integrated Systems Approach BENEFITS: Waste = food Whole is greater than sum of parts COSTS/RISKS: Pesticide use Labor intensive Limit to fish density What Can You Do? • Vote with your dollars! • Get involved! • Educate others!