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Warm Up 1. What are units for velocity? 2. What are units for acceleration? 3. What is the equation for acceleration? 4. What is the equation for velocity? Objective • I CAN: – Relate gravitational force to mass and distance Gravitational Force The force of attraction between all masses in the universe Very Important!! • Responsible for: – Creation of black holes – Structure of galaxies – Expansion of the universe – Things falling to the ground – Humans only being able to jump so high Universal Gravitation Gravity affects everything! Universal Gravitation Gravity affects everything! Universal Gravitation Gravity affects everything! Universal Gravitation Gravity affects everything! Universal Gravitation Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation: ( Fg = G m1m2 2 r ) Universal Gravitation Fg = G m1m2 2 r Fg = Gravitational Force -11 G = Constant = 6.7 x 10 m1 = mass 1 m2 = mass 2 r = dist b/w center of the 2 • Gravitational constant is CONSTANT (does not change) • Mass- kg • Distance- m • Force- newtons (N) because that’s what happens when you discover things Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation • Gravitational force- weakest of all forces • How does it hold the planets in orbit???? • The planets are VERY large and VERY far apart What could explain an increase in gravitational force? • Fg = G m1m2 r2 What could explain a decrease in gravitational force? • Fg = G m1m2 r2 Effect of gravitational force ↑ mass causes ↑ Fg ↓ mass causes ↓ Fg ↑ distance causes ↓ Fg ↓ distance causes ↑ Fg …but by how much??? • If the mass is multiplied by some number, then Fg is multiplied by that number • If the mass is divided by some number, then Fg is divided by that number What happens to gravitational force if the mass of one object is multiplied by 2? • Fg = G m1m2 r2 What happens to the gravitational force if the mass of both bodies is multiplied by 2? • Fg = G m1m2 r2 What happens to gravitational force if the mass of both objects is multiplied by 3? • Fg = G m1m2 r2 What happens to the gravitational force if the mass of one body is multiplied by 3 and the mass of the other body is multiplied by 1/2? • Fg = G m1m2 r2 • If the distance is multiplied by some number, Fg is divided by the SQUARE of that number • If the distance is divided by some number, Fg is multiplied by the SQUARE of that number What happens to the gravitational force if the distance between the objects is multiplied by 2? • Fg = G m1m2 r2 What happens to the gravitational force if the distance between two objects is divided by 2? • Fg = G m1m2 r2 What happens to the gravitational force if the distance between two bodies is multiplied by 3? • Fg = G m1m2 r2 Complete your worksheet independently How to calculate? • • • • • Multiply out m1xm2/r2 Multiply that times 6.7 Remember scientific notation? Want one number in front of decimal If move decimal left, exponent becomes less negative • If move decimal right, exponent becomes more negative Universal Gravitation If two .08kg cheerios are .03m apart, what is the gravitational force between them? Universal Gravitation If two .08kg cheerios are .03m apart, what is the gravitational force between them? m1 = .08 m2 = .08 Universal Gravitation If two .08kg cheerios are .03m apart, what is the gravitational force between them? m1 = .08 m2 = .08 r = .03 Universal Gravitation Fg = G m1m2 2 r If two .08kg cheerios are .03m apart, what is the gravitational force between them? m1 = .08 m2 = .08 r = .03 Universal Gravitation Fg = G m1m2 2 r If two .08kg cheerios are .03m apart, what is the gravitational force between them? m1 = .08 m2 = .08 r = .03 Fg = (6.7 x -11 10 )(.08 x .08) 2 (.03) Universal Gravitation Fg = G m1m2 2 r If two .08kg cheerios are .03m apart, what is the gravitational force between them? m1 = .08 m2 = .08 r = .03 Fg = (6.7 x -11 10 )(.0064) 2 (.03) Universal Gravitation Fg = G m1m2 2 r If two .08kg cheerios are .03m apart, what is the gravitational force between them? m1 = .08 m2 = .08 r = .03 Fg = (6.7 x -11 10 )(.0064) (.0009) Universal Gravitation Fg = G m1m2 2 r If two .08kg cheerios are .03m apart, what is the gravitational force between them? m1 = .08 m2 = .08 r = .03 Fg = -11 (6.7)x(10 )x(7.1) Universal Gravitation Fg = G m1m2 2 r If two .08kg cheerios are .03m apart, what is the gravitational force between them? m1 = .08 m2 = .08 r = .03 Fg = -11 (6.7x7.1)x(10 ) Universal Gravitation Fg = G m1m2 2 r If two .08kg cheerios are .03m apart, what is the gravitational force between them? m1 = .08 m2 = .08 r = .03 Fg = -11 (48)x(10 ) N Universal Gravitation Fg = G m1m2 2 r If two .08kg cheerios are .03m apart, what is the gravitational force between them? m1 = .08 m2 = .08 r = .03 Fg = 4.8 x -10 10 N Complete your worksheet independently Cool Down 1. Does the gravitational constant ever change? 2. How does gravitational force change is distance is tripled? 3. How does gravitational force change if the mass of both bodies is doubled? 4. HW: finish worksheet