Download Basic Aeronautics

Basic Aeronautics
Know the principles of basic aeronautics.
1. Describe the theory of flight.
2. Describe airfoils and flight.
3. Describe the effects of relative wind.
Overview
1. Theory of Flight
2. Airfoils and Flight
3. Relative Wind
Theory of Flight
 Aerodynamics
• The science relating to the effects produced by air or
other gases.
• The term comes from the Greek words aero meaning
air and dynamics meaning power.
• Ancient Greeks described air as having the qualities
of moisture and heat. It was observed to shift in
response to heating and cooling.
Theory of Flight
 Aerodynamics
•
A lifting force is required for heavier-than-air flying. An object can be pushed upward by
applying muscle power, an explosion, a hoist, or other means of force.
 It cannot remain aloft without decreasing the air pressure from above and increasing
lift pressure from below.
 Increasing the speed of the object can increase the flow of air.
 The flying object must be shaped to form an airfoil.
 Air flows faster over the curved surface of an airfoil.
Theory of Flight
 Aerodynamics
• Bernoulli principle

“As the air velocity increases, the pressure decreases; and as the
velocity decreases, the pressure increases.”
Airfoils and Flight
• Airfoil Design
 An airfoil is designed to produce lift. An airfoil has
a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord, and
camber.
Theory of Flight
 Aerodynamics
• Aristotle
 The first useful studies of motion
are attributed to Aristotle. He
believed there were two kinds of
motion: natural and violent.
 He concluded, and later stated as a
natural law, that the velocity or
speed of an object depends entirely
on the force being applied to it and
the resistance it meets. This law was
later proven to be inaccurate.
Theory of Flight
 Aerodynamics
• Galileo Galilei


Observed that an object in
horizontal motion would
continue to move at the same
speed with no additional force.
This truth was accepted by Sir
Isaac Newton and became the
first of three laws of motion
stated by Newton.
Theory of Flight
 Newton’s Laws of Motion
• First Law of Motion

“A body at rest tends to remain at
rest, and a body in motion tends to
stay in motion, unless an outside
force acts on the body.” It is
sometimes referred to as the Law of
Inertia.
Theory of Flight
 Newton’s Laws of Motion
• Second Law of Motion

“The acceleration of an object as
produced by a net force, is directly
proportional to the magnitude of the
net force in the same direction as the
net force and inversely proportional
to the mass of the object.”
Force = Mass x Acceleration
F=MxA
Theory of Flight
 Newton’s Laws of Motion
• Third Law of Motion

“Whenever one body exerts a force upon a second body,
the second exerts an equal and opposite force upon the
first body.” Simply stated, For every action there is an
equal and opposite reaction.”
Theory of Flight
• The four forces in balance with one another hold the
plane in the air.
• The four forces are lift, weight, thrust, and drag.
Relative Wind
• The movement of the aircraft
through the air creates the relative
wind.
• The term relative wind means the
wind that is moving past the airfoil
and the direction of the wind is
parallel to the flight path and
relative to the attitude of position
of the airfoil.
• The pilot controls the direction of
the relative wind.
Summary
1. Theory of Flight
2. Airfoils and Flight
3. Relative Wind