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Technology Final Review What is Technology? The process by which humans modify nature to meet their needs and wants. Engineering Design Process 1. Identify the problem 2. Set goals 3. Gather Information 4. Define Alternative Solutions 5. Select the best solution 6. Implement the Solution Technology Systems Model INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT The command we give the system The action part 4 Types: 7 Resources – People, Information, Materials, Tools and Machines, Capital, Energy, Time FEEDBACK Expected and desired Expected and undesired Unexpected and desired Enexpected and undesired 7 Resources People: Creators and users of technology Provide labor, knowledge and skill Information: Knowing what to do and how to do it. 7 Resources Tools and Machines: Tools: extend human capabilities Machines: change the amount, speed or direction of force Capital Any form of wealth 7 Resources Time: A unit measure for seconds, minutes, days, etc Materials The stuff the stuff is made from. (i.e. wood, metals, ceramics) Energy The ability to do work. Materials Properties Strength – tension, compression, torsion, shear Elasticity Hardness Fatigue Types of Materials Wood: Hardwood : tree that loses its leaves Softwood: coniferous trees Plastics: synthetic material in long polymer chains Thermoplastic: formed using heat and pressure Thermoset: heated and formed once. Types of Materials Metals: organic elements from the Earth Alloys: mixture of two or more metals Tin and copper = bronze Types of Materials Ceramics: inorganic, nonmetallic minerals like clay, sand and quartz Composites: Combining two or more materials to make a material better than the original Materials Processing Separating Combining Forming Conditioning Separating Removing pieces of material Chip producing and chipless Examples Sawing Shearing Drilling Grinding Combining Joining materials together Mechanical Screws, nails, staples. Chemical Gluing Heat welding Forming Changing the shape of the material Bending Casting – making jello or ice cubes Forging – hammering into shape Extruding – squeeze through a die like toothpaste from a tube Conditioning Changing the internal structure of the material Baking cookies or cakes Hardening Tempering Annealing Finishing Adding a protective coating to exterior of the product. Energy Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be changed from one form to another Potential: energy at rest Kinetic: energy in motion Forms of Energy Mechanical: energy of motion Thermal: heat energy Electrical: flow of electrons Chemical: energy from a chemical reaction Nuclear: splitting or fusing atoms Light (Radiant): energy from photons like the sun Energy Renewable: energy from things that can be grown and replaced Non-Renewable: Fossil fuels Alternative Energy Solar : energy from the sun Wind: Hydroelectric Geothermal Tidal BioMass Newtons Laws of Motion 1st Law – Inertia An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force Newton’s Laws of Motion 2nd Law – F=MA Force = Mass x Acceleration Newton’s Laws of Motion Newton’s 3rd Law For every action there is an equal, and opposite reaction. Forces Tension: pulling force Compression: squeezing force Torsion: twisting force Shear: cutting force Simple Machines Wedge Inclined Plane Screw Wheel and Axle Lever Pulley Types of Levers Types of Levers Types of Levers