Download Review for Test 3

Review for Test 3
Review
• Church Fathers
– Jerome – Vulgate
– Augustine
• Confessions
• City of God
• Visigoths
– Fritigern v. Valens
– Battle of Adrianople
– Sacking of Rome (410)
• Alric I
• Eastern Roman Empire
> Byzantine Empire
• Theodosius
– Christianity Official
Religion
– Empire Splits
• Patriarchs & Pope
– Petrine Doctrine
– Papal Primacy
Review
• The Hun Empire
– Attilla the Hun
• Pope Leo I “The Great”
• Vandals Sack Rome (455)
– Genseric
• Western Empire Ends
– Romulus Augustus
– Odovacar (Odoacer)
• “King of Italy”
• Medieval Europe
– Middle Ages
– “Dark Ages”
• Spread of Christianity
– Three Ways
• Preaching
• Assimilation
• Penitential system
• Western Monasticism Benedictine
– Benedict of Nursia
– Rule of Saint Benedict
– Scholastica
• Gregory I “The Great”
– “Western Church”
Review
• Germanic
Tribes/Kingdoms
– Comitatus - “war band”
– Dooms of Ethelbert
– Wergeld
• Ostrogoths
– Theodoric
– Cassiodorus
• Franks
– Clovis
– Christianity
– Merovingian dynasty
• The Byzantine Empire
–
–
–
–
Justinian
Theodora
Hagia Sophia
Recodification of Roman
Law
• Corpus Juris Civilias
– “body of civil law”
• Birth of Islam
– Muhammad
– Flees Mecca - Hijra
– Qur’an, Hadith, Sunna
Review
• Five Pillars of Islam
– There is one god, and
Muhammad is his prophet
– Prayer 5 times daily
– Fasting, and observance of
Dietary prohibitions
– Almsgiving to the poor
– If possible, must make a
pilgrimage to Mecca
• The Early Caliphate
–
–
–
–
Abu Bakr
Umar (Omar)
Shi’ites (Shi’a)
Sunni
• Umayyad Dynasty
– Muawiya
– Afghanistan to Spain
• Franks
– Pippin I - Pepin the Elder
• Mayor of the Palace
– Charles “The Hammer”
Martel
• Battle of Tours / Battle of
Poitiers
• East-West Church
– Iconoclasm - 726
• Icons
• Byzantine Emperor Leo III
– Caesaropapism
Review
•
Rebellion of Non-Arab Muslims
•
Muslim Spain - Cordoba
– Adb al-Rahman
– Pluralistic
• The Abbasid Caliphate
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Abu al-Abbas
Baghdad
World religion
Harun al-Rashid
Golden Age
Averroës
al-Khwarizmi - Algebra
Avicenna - al-Qanun
• Pippin III - Pepin the Short
– King of the Franks
– Pippin Vs. Lombards
• Papal States
• The Carolingian Empire
– Charlemagne
– Missi Dominici
• “Agents of the Lord King”
– Holy Roman Emperor
– The Carolingian Renaissance
• Alcuin
• “Caroline minuscule”
• The Venerable Bede
– Ecclesiastical History of the English
People
– Calendar
• anno Domini – “in the year of our
Lord”
Review
• The Slavs - Eastern
Europe
– West Slavs - Poles,
Czechs, Slovaks, Wends
– South Slavs - Serbs,
Croats, Slovenes,
Macedonians, and
Bosnians
– East Slavs - White Rus
(Ukranians,
Belorussians), Red Rus
(Russians)
• Division of the Franks
– Charles the Bald – West
Francia
– Lothair - Lotharingia
– Louis the German – East
Francia
– Treaty of Verdun
• Invasions
– Magyars
– Muslims
– Vikings
Review
• Kievan Rus (Early Russia)
– Varangians (Vikings)
– Rurik – Circa 860
– Cyril and Methodius
• Cyrillic Alphabet
– Vladimir I
• Christianity
– Yaroslav (Iaroslav) the Wise
• The Byzantine Empire Macedonian Dynasty
– Basil I - Circa 867
– Reforms
• Anglo-Saxons (Early
England)
– Heptarchy
– The Danelaw
– Alfred the Great
• King of Wessex
• King of the Anglo-Saxons
• Shires (Counties) - Shire-reeve
• Central Europe (Early
Germany)
– Otto I
• Battle of Lechfeld
• Holy Roman Emperor
– Holy Roman Empire
Review
• Magyars / Hungarians
– Geza
– Stephen I
• West Francia (Early France)
– Capetian Dynasty
• Hugh Capet
• Abbasid Caliphate
– Widening Shiite-Sunni split
– Fatimid expansion
– Buyid takeover
• Amir Mu'izz al-Dawla
• The Seven Sacraments
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Baptism
Confession
Confirmation
Communion
Holy Matrimony
Holy Orders
Anointing of the Sick / Extreme
Unction
• Feudalism / Serfdom
• Agriculture
– Three Field System
• The Knights
– Chivalry
– Tournaments
Review
• Towns & Cities
– Fortifications
– Borough/Burg
– Burghers/Bourgeoisie
• Medieval Trade
– Italian Cities
– Flanders
• Architecture
– Romanesque
• Barrel Vault
– Gothic Architecture
• Flying Buttress
• Notre Dame
• Education
– Bologna – First University
• Peter Abelard
– Sic et Non
• “Scholasticism”
• Thomas Aquinas
– Greatest of the Scholastics
– Summa Theologia
• Vernacular Writing
– Heroic Epic
•
•
•
•
Beowulf (England)
Song of Roland (France)
Song of the Nibelungs (German)
Poem of El Cid (Spain)
– Romances
• King Arthur of Britain
Review
• East-West Schism / First
Great Schism - 1054
– Excommunication
– Eastern (Greek) Orthodox
– Roman Catholic
• Church Issues and Reform
– Pope Gregory VII
– Cardinals
– Lay Investiture
• Investiture Controversy
– Pope Vs. Emperor
• Gregory VII vs. Henry IV
– Conference at Worms
• England
– Edward “The Confessor”
– Harold Godwinson
• Duke of Wessex
– William “The Conquerer”
• Duke of Normandy
– Battle of Hastings
• October 1066
– The Domesday Book
• Sicily
– Roger de Hautville
– Diwan
– Naples
Review
• The Seljuk Turks
–
–
–
–
Abbasid Caliphate
Battle of Manzikert
Capture of Jerusalem
Byzantine Reaction
• The Crusades Begin
– Pope Urban II
• Calls Crusade - 1095
– Indulgence
– Urban’s Four Reasons
– Crusader’s motives
• The First Crusade
– Only truly successful Crusade (for
Europe)
• “Crusader Kingdoms”
– Jerusalem, Edessa, Tripoli, Antioch
– Acre - Port city
• Henry II of England
–
–
–
–
Common law
Jury
Inheritance in France
Struggle with Church
• Thomas Becket - Archbishop of
Canterbury
• Henry’s knights
• Holy Roman Empire
–
–
–
–
House of Hohenstaufen
Frederick I - “Frederick Barbarossa”
Roman Law
Battle at Legano
Review
• The Third Crusade
– Saladin
– “Crusade of Kings”
• Richard the Lionhearted
• Phillip II Augustus
• Frederick Barbarossa
• Innocent III
– Most Powerful of the Medieval
Popes
• The Fourth Crusade
– Sacking of Constantinople
• Albigensian Crusade
– Cathar
– Beliefs
– Dualism
• The Reconquista - “The
Reconquest”
– Navarre, Portugal, Cataluña,
Aragon, Leon, Castile
– Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
– Granada
• The Dominicans - “Preaching
Friars”
– Domingo de Guzman - St. Dominic
• The Franciscans - “Rule of the
Little Brothers of Saint Francis”
– Francesco di Bernardone - St.
Francis of Assisi
• The “Poor Clares” - Order of Poor
Ladies
– Clare of Assisi
Review
• Differences with Old Orders
– Friars rather than Monks
– Stressed apostolic poverty
• mendicant orders
– Friars drew members from
small property owners and
shopkeeps
• The Battle of Bouvines
– Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
& John of England
– Phillip II of France
– Consequences for all three
powers
• Phillip II Augustus of France
– Unification
• John of England
– Meeting at Runnymede –
1215
– Magna Carta
• Frederick II, Holy Roman
Emperor
– Attempts at Unification
– Italian Invasion
• Louis IX “the Saint” of
France
– Royal Judicial System
– Parlement of Paris
– Last Crusades