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CHAPTER FIFTEEN The West and the Changing Balance of Power World Civilizations, The Global Experience AP* Edition, 5th Edition Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert *AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of The College Entrance Examination Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power I. The Decline of the Old Order II. The Rise of the West III. Western Expansion: The Experimental Phase IV. Outside the World Network Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power Decline of the Old Order Write 3 Questions from your reading notes on this section of the chapter Abbasids ► Mongols Byzantine Empire ► Ottoman Turks 1453 Social and Cultural Change in the Middle East Religious leaders in control by 1300 Landlords dominate peasants - Serfdom Economic decline Power Vacuum in International Leadership Mongol decline hinders international trade Ottomans expanding but not yet an international power Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power Chinese Exploration and Return to Isolation Ming dynasty (1368-1644) replaces the Yuan (Mongols driven back behind the Great Wall) expansionist - Into Mongolia, Korea, Vietnam, Tibet State sponsors commercial ventures to India, M.E., Africa Chinese treasure fleets - Muslim admiral Zhenghe – 1433 expeditions stopped More isolationist – WHY? Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power The Voyages of Zheng He -commanded over 2,000 vessels -communication? –bells, drums, carrier pidgeons, fireworks -Yongle Dadian – major encyclopedia of all Chinese knowledge contained in 11,095 books -ambassadors & translators for every country/language -Gifts aboard: thousands of slave girls; calendars; navigation maps -supplied by water tankers and grain & horse ships -medical officer for every 150 men -carried a thousand tons of cargo Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power Rise of the West Make a connection between the rise of the West and prior civilizations we’ve studied Period of relative stagnation 14th - 15th centuries Aristocracy - court ritual Military decline Food supplies insufficient - Famine 1348 - Black Death Medieval Europe - Monarchies - Increasingly centralized Aristocracy less of a threat Iberia – (Spain & Portugal) Catholic Monarchs start Reconquista in Northern Spain International Problems for W. Europe Draw the international problems facing W. Europe Trade imbalance w/ east for luxury products Gold shortage by 1400 Trade also threatened by Ottomans Problems: need gold, need to find a route to Asia, need to make quality goods Solutions? Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power The walled city of Carcassone, France The Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power Compare and contrast chart Italy Secularism - Italian Renaissance Italy led the rise of West - 14th century Secular approach - Personal fame for artists, writers Italian city-states competed amongst themselves to support better works of art Iberia Medici Family - powerful & influential Florentine family (13th – 17th C) produced three popes (Leo X, Clement VII & Leo XI) numerous rulers of Florence - Lorenzo the Magnificent patron of some of the most famous works of Renaissance art members of the French and English royalty dominated their city's gov’t - created an environment where art & humanism could flourish led the birth of the Italian Renaissance Cosimo de Medici, Duke of Tuscany, Italy mid 1500s Human Values and Renaissance Culture Humanism - Ambitious, confident mood Interest in classical (Greek/Roman) past Painters start using perspective, shadow More interested in the individual, the human body, human emotions, etc. - not entirely focused on religion Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Iberian Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power -Reconquista starting 11th C -Regions of Castile & Aragon allied through marriage in 1469 – Ferdinand & Isabella PeninsulaReligious Mission -Christian mission to expel Muslims / Jews Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power The Sistine Madonna by Raphael Mona Lisa or La Gioconda (1503– 1505/1507)—Louvre, Paris; Leonardo da Vinci Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power The Vitruvian Man (c. 1485) Accademia, Venice; Leonardo da Vinci Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Portrait of a Venetian by Titian Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power Cause / Effect Chart of Western Exploration Islands Africa Americas Polynesia Western Expansion: Early Explorations The Genoese Vivaldi brothers (1291) disappear after passing Gibraltar 14th century explorers Canary Islands, Madeiras, possibly the Azores Spanish expeditions - west African coast Colonialism Azores, Madeiras, and Canaries exploited Prince Henry of Portugal Land grants Cash crops for European markets Slaves used Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power Outside the World Network Polynesian Expansion Americas & Polynesia not part of international trade Political Issues in the Americas Aztec and Inca challenged after 1400 Aztecs face resistance from subjects Inca expansion jeopardizes the state Local leaders a threat Expansion, Migration & Conquest in Polynesia, 700-1400 Migrations, conquest Hawaii settled then cut off from Polynesia Isolated Achievements by the Maoris New Zealand settled – ca. 8th century Maori Population expansion Sophisticated art Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power Compare Contrast: Compare/contrast the impact of Mongols, Muslims, Byzantines on world trade Compare/contrast impact of China on Vietnam, Korea, or Japan Compare/contrast the rise of Mongols, Byzantines, Muslims Compare/contrast the economies of China, Islam, Byzantine Compare/contrast the impact of religion in W. Europe, E. Europe, China, India, S.W. Asia Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007