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Classical Greece
Chapter 5
Geography Shapes Life
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Ancient Greece consisted of
Mountainous Peninsulas going into the
Mediterranean Sea and about 2,000
Islands also in the Aegean and Ionian
Seas
How would this geography affect the
development of Ancient Greece?
Activity
• Tell how aspects of
the geography
impacted the
development of
Ancient Greece.
What skills would
these features cause
the Greeks to
develop?
• Page: 123
• Geographic Features
– Mountainous
Peninsulas
– Islands in two different
seas
– Access to the seas
– Mild climate
– Little inland water
Early Greek Civilizations
• Mycenaean
– Indo-Europeans
migrated to Southern
Greece
– Dominated area from
1600-1100 B.C.
– Influenced by Minoans
• Minoans
– Came into contact with
Mycenaean after 1500
B.C.
– Showed power of sea
trade
– Influenced Greek
writing, art, religion
and literature
Trojan War
• Ten year war between Troy and
Mycenaeans in the 1200’s B.C.
• Legendary War
Early Greek Civilizations
• Dorians
– After Trojan War
Mycenaean collapsed
– Dorians not as
advanced
• Homer told epic
poems to pass along
history
Warring City States
• City-State (Polis)
– Ruled by
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Monarchy
Aristocracy
Oligarchy
Tyrants
Copy chart on page: 128
Athens
• Direct Democracy
– Copy chart from page: 134
• Education
Sparta
• Strong military state
• Boys and girls learned fighting
• Life centered around strength of Sparta
– “come back with your shield or on it”
• Arts and literature suffered
Greece’s Golden Age
477-431 B.C.
Age of Pericles
• Pericles lead Athens for 32 years, he was
a skillful politician, inspiring speaker and
generals
Perciles’ Plan
• Three Goals
– Strengthen Athens Democracy
– Hold and Strengthen Empire
– Glorify Athens
Strengthen Democracy
• Increased number of Public officials paid a
salary
• Direct Democracy
Athenian Empire
• Created Delian League after defeat of
Persians
• Had strongest Navy in League of over 200
City-States
– Why would the Navy be important?
– Safety of Empire, access to waterways to
trade for needed food and supplies
Glorifying Athens
• Architecture and
Sculpture
– Parthenon
– Classical Art
• Sculptures showed
ideal beauty, harmony,
order and balance
• Drama
– Invented Drama
– Two types of Drama
• Tragedy
• Famous writers were
Aeschylus (Oresteia);
Sophocles (Oedipus the
King)
• Comedy
• Famous writer was
Aristophanes
History
• Began writing the history, instead of
relying on stories or epics
Peloponnesian War
• 431 B.C. Sparta declared war on Athens
• Athens had a stronger Navy, Sparta Army
• Perciles wanted to keep battle on water
– Sparta attacked Athens over land
– Everyone moved inside city walls, plague
struck in second year of war, killed many
including Perciles
– 421 B.C. a truce was signed
Peloponnesian War
• 415 B.C. Athens sought to attack Sparta’s
ally Syracuse with 20,000 soldiers
• Were destroyed
• In 404 B.C. Athens and her allies
surrendered
Macedonia
• The Peloponnesian War several Greek
city states were weakened
– King Phillip began to gain power in
Macedonia
• Was a military genius, used the phalanx
• 338 B.C. defeated the Greeks
• Murdered in 336 B.C.
Alexander the Great
• Son of Phillip, took over when his father
was murdered
• Former student of Aristotle, became King
at 20