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The Art of Soul with Kayleen Asbo Dante’s Divine Comedy Fridays at St John’s in Petaluma at 7 pm Begins March 9 with a free open house and introduction Apollo, Dionysus, Nietzsche and Music History Kayleen Asbo “Music has a power of forming the character, and should therefore be introduced into the education of the young.” "Any musical innovation is full of danger to the whole state, and ought to be prohibited . . . when modes of music change, the fundamental laws of the state always change with them.“ (Aristotle, The Politics, translated by T. A. Sinclair) Musike Therapeia 1872 Richard and Cosima Wagner King Rudolph II and Neuschwenstein Castle The Wagner’s home at Tribschen Countess Marie d’Agoult and Franz Liszt The “impossible” Tristan und Isolde and conductor Hans von Bulowit took eight years to bring it to stage 1872 “The Birth of Tragedy presented a view of the Greeks so alien to the spirit of the time and to the ideals of its scholarship that it blighted Nietzsche's entire academic career. It provoked pamphlets and counter-pamphlets attacking him on the grounds of common sense, scholarship and sanity. For a time, Nietzsche, then a professor of classical philology at the University of Basel , had no students in his field. His lectures were sabotaged by German philosophy professors who advised their students not to show up for Nietzsche's courses.” -Marianne Cowan Pythia, John Collier (1891) Delphi What is Valued? Apollo : Intellect, Light, Elegance, Grace Dionysus: Raw Emotion, Tragedy, Darkness, Intensity Oracle at Delphi: Never Leave the Middle Orpheus- son of Apollo, priest of Dionysus Symbol the snake and the egg Theater of Dionysus, Athens Athenian Theater reached its height in 6th century BCE The more you can hold sorrow, the better you can find joy -William Blake Apollo God of Light, the Sun, medicine, architecture, mathematics Order, balance, harmony, clarity Abstract thought Refined, elegant Major key mode Clearly defined meter Regular, moderate rhythm String instruments (lyre, kithara) Apollo Apollo and the Muses, Simon Vouet (1640) Apollo, Giovanni Tiepolo, (1752) Stoa, Athens Apollo Petrous Tabouris Ensemble Parthenio Ton Alkman The Head- intellect Lyre (strings) Balance Elegance Moderation Clarity and logic Symmetry , proportion Major key mode Predictable rhythm and melody Civilization: form and rules God of sun and light Lyric poetry- rhyme Apollo Belvedere Apollo and the Muses at Parnassus Nicholas Poussin (1632) Apollo Slaying the Python Apollo and Daphne, Bernini John William Waterhouse, Apollo and Daphne (1905) The Festival of Daphne Lord Frederic Leighton Apotheosis of Homer, Ingres (1827) Dionysus- God of: Tragedy and Comedy, Stillness and mania, music, Ecstasy, wine, paradox, wildness, nature, Dismemberment, the Raw Gustave Moreau Birth of Dionysus Birth of Dionysus 405 B.C. Hermes Delivering Dionysus to Mount Nyssa Silenus Baby Dionysus Tragedy= “Goat Song” Chorus of satyrs Dionysian Mask, 2nd century BCE: Arts as Religi Young Dionysus with Muses and Nymphs Lawrence Alma- Tedema The Women of Amphissa( Bacchantes) Bacchante Frederic Leighton The Many Faces of Dionysus Effeminate Androgyne Luigi Valadier (1774) Wild Masculine The Boy Bacchus Guido Reni (1620) Dionysus, Bouguerreau Dionysus as Mature Man Dionysus Jacopo Sansavino (1515) The God Who ComesEpiphany Dosso Dossi (1524) Dionysus and Satyr 480 B.C. Silenus, Dionysus, Maenad and Satyr 370 B.C. Dionysian Procession Roman Mosaic (Museum El Djem) Return of Dionysus from the East Museum El Djem Rites of Dionysus Tim Shaw Rites of Dionysus Tim Shaw Rites of Dionysus Tim Shaw Rites of Dionysus Tim Shaw Pentheus (The Bacchae) Rites of Dionysus Tim Shaw The Denigration of Dionysus: From God of stillness, ecstasy and divine communion Dionysus God of wine, drama, dance Ecstacy and Dismemberment Tragedy and comedy Emotional (and tempo) extremes Wildness, nature and the Raw Minor key mode Aulos (woodwinds) and percussion Shifting meters Dramatic dynamics Bacchus, Caravaggio (1593) Bacchus, Caravaggio (1596) Bacchus (1640) Peter Paul Rubens Theater Masks, Mosaic at Hadrian’s Villa Fastnacht, Germany Kukeri, Bulgaria (Thrace) 1872 Apollo God of Light, the Sun, medicine, architecture, mathematics Order, balance, harmony, clarity Abstract thought Refined, elegant Major key mode Clearly defined meter Regular, moderate rhythm String instruments (lyre, kithara) Dionysus God of wine, drama, dance Ecstacy and Dismemberment Tragedy and comedy Emotional (and tempo) extremes Wildness, nature and the Raw Minor key mode Aulos (woodwinds) and percussion Shifting meters Dramatic dynamics What is Valued? Apollo : Intellect, Light, Elegance, Grace Dionysus: Raw Emotion, Tragedy, Darkness, Intensity Oracle at Delphi: Never Leave the Middle Orpheus Loses Eurydice Bergamo (16th Century) Tragoudi (Petros Tabouris) Claudio Monteverdi and L’Orfeo (1600) Orpheus A balance between light and dark Major and minor Order and freedom Passion and Control The Renaissance Baroque composer JS Bach Age of “Enlightenment” and Apollo Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Moonlight Caspar David Friederich Romantic Music Nocturnes, Impromptus, Fantasy, Elegie, Humoreske Tempo disruptions: Rubato, Morendo, Ritardando Shift to minor key mode Dynamic and range extremes Playing “by heart” Hector Berlioz and the Symphonie Fantastique Extremes: Mahler Symphony No. 8 Rite of Spring (1913) , Nijinsky Irregular Rhythms in Rite of Spring Igor Stravinsky by Pablo Picasso (1920) “The more art is controlled, limited, worked over, the more it is free . . . The Dionysian elements which set the imagination of the artist in motion . . . must be properly subjugated before they intoxicate us, and must finally be made to submit to the law: Apollo demands it." Igor Stravinsky, Lecture at Harvard 1940 Apollo- 1927 Orpheus- 1947 Estonian Composer Arvo Part Andy Goldsworthy and the Orphic Egg Oakmont OLLI Winter Session: The Hero’s Journey Through Myth, Music and Art Thursdays from 3-5 pm www.kayleenasbo.com OLLI at Sonoma State The Heroine’s Quest Mondays 9:30-11:30 www.kayleenasbo.com The Art of Soul with Kayleen Asbo Dante’s Divine Comedy February 2013