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Ancient Greece
Athens Review
• What form of government did ancient
Athens Greece operate under?
• Who is the “Father of Democracy”?
• Who invaded Athens and destroyed their
Democracy?
Main Ideas
• Spartans built a military society to provide
security and protection.
• The Athenians admired the mind and the
arts in addition to physical abilities
• Sparta and Athens fought over who should
have power and influence Greece.
The Big Idea
• The 2 most powerful states in Greece:
• Athens & Sparta
• Different & Separate Cultures
• Become Enemies in 400 B.C.
Sparta
• Dominated by military
– Lycargus
– Created between 500-600 BC
– Helots: captive worker or slaves
– Military created to cause fear
Government
• Ran by 2 Kings
– What form of government represents Sparta?
•
Oligarchy
• Elected Officials run daily activities of
government
• Set up to control the Helots
Spartan Government
• 2 kings
• 28 citizens make of a council of elders
– Over age of 60 presented laws
• Assembly: all Spartan men over the age of
30 belong to the assembly.
– Vote on councils laws
– Ephors: 5 men chosen to collect taxes and
enforce laws
Spartan Government
• Discouraged visitors
• Banned travel abroad
• Military over education
• What do you think happened to this society
due to their control of the people?
Famous Sparta Kings
• Leonidas
Spartan Culture
• Boys & Men
– All join the military until the age of 60
– Every healthy boy trained to be a soldier
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No shoes or heavy clothing
Stealing
Black broth
Trained: running, jumping, swimming, javelins
Life of a Spartan Soldier
• 7-12 Values Training
– Leave home for basic education
• 12-18 Physical Training
– Physical skills & exercise
• 20-30 Military Training
– Fight in the army
• Age 30 Full Citizen
– Participate in assembly & move home
Spartan Women
• More rights than other Greek women
– Could own land
– Didn’t make clothing
– Ran household
– Received Physical Training
• Run, jump , wrestle, and throw javelins
Athenian Culture
• Boys & Men
– Improvement of the body
• Running, jumping, fighting
• 2 years service in the army age: 18-20
– Improvement of the mind
• Read, write, count, sing, play instruments
• History & Legends
Athenian Boys & Men
• Rich
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Philosophy
Geometry
Astronomy
Public speaking
• assembly
• Poor
– Read & write
– Became farmers &
craftsmen
Athenian Women
• No education
– Wealthy tutors
• Weaving & sowing
• Fewer rights than most Greek city-states
Athenian Women
• Could not serve in government
– Juries or assembly
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•
•
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Could not leave their homes
Could not own or buy property
Disobey husbands or family
No rights at all
Education
• Athens
– Plato
– Education for young
boys should train the
mind and body
– Should be prepared for
all aspects of
adulthood
• Sparta
– Lycurgus
– Education should
teach them how to
fight
– “Be able to endure
pain and conquer in
battle”
Sparta & Athens
• Sparta
– Wanted to keep to
themselves but help
protect Greece from
invasion
• Athens
– Wanted to control the
land and other citystates that ultimately
will lead to war
Religion & Language
• Sparta and Athens both spoke the same
language and practiced the same type of
religion
– Greek
– Polytheism
Delian League
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Created an alliance among Greek Citystates
Alliance: agreement to work together
$ kept on island of Delos (Delian
League)
Athens controlled other city states and
gained power through this league
Peloponnesian League
•
Alliance
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Included Sparta
Named after the peninsula
Peloponnesian League
•
Alliance
–
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Included Sparta
Named after the peninsula
Peloponnesian War
•
Stop Athens growth
–
431 Sparta attacks Athens
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•
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Burnt crops & fields
No food supply
Athens Responds
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Sends ships with food
Attack Sparta Allies
Problems
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Disease hits Athens
Neither side gains advantage
Truce after 10 years
Athenian Expansion
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Athens attacks Sicily
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Entire Athenian army & navy defeated
Sicily allies to Sparta
Sparta attacks Athens
•
Spartans won
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Cut off food supply
Athens Surrendered
City-states Fighting
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Sparta controlled Greece 30 years
Resentment among city states
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Weakened Greece
Opened it up for attack