Download Chapter 3 - High Point University

Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Third Edition
Haag
Cummings
McCubbrey
Databases
and Data Warehouses
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
CHAPTER
3
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Haag
Cummings
McCubbrey
Third Edition
Knowledge Workers Checklist
logical vs. physical organization
databases & software to manage them
relational model concepts
data warehouses & data mining
managing the information resource
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© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Haag
Cummings
McCubbrey
Third Edition
Organizations do 3 things with Information
 process transactions
 OLTP
 make decisions
 OLAP
 manage the information
 logical vs. physical
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© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Haag
Cummings
McCubbrey
Third Edition
A Database is:
• a collection of information
• organized
• accessed by logical structure
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© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Haag
Cummings
McCubbrey
Third Edition
Components of a Database
• information itself
– in the form of records
• data dictionary
• primary key for each record
• foreign keys that relate files
• built-in integrity constraints
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Haag
Cummings
McCubbrey
Third Edition
A DataBase Management System
• is software
• contains 5 critical components
– DBMS engine
– data definition subsystem
– data manipulation subsystem
– application generation subsystem
– data administration subsystem
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© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Haag
Cummings
McCubbrey
Third Edition
DBMS Engine
• most important but seldom recognized
• separates logical from physical
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Haag
Cummings
McCubbrey
Third Edition
Data Definition
• builds data dictionary
• builds logical database structure
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Haag
Cummings
McCubbrey
Third Edition
Data Manipulation
• views
• report generators
• QBE tools
• SQL
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© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Haag
Cummings
McCubbrey
Third Edition
Application Generation
• build forms
• build data entry screens
• create transaction processing
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© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Haag
Cummings
McCubbrey
Third Edition
Data Administration Subsystem
•
•
•
•
•
•
backup and recovery
security management
query optimization
reorganization facilities
concurrency control
change management
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© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Haag
Cummings
McCubbrey
Third Edition
Relational Database Model
• most widely used
• tables store data
– intuitive for humans
• entity class –people, places or things
• instance – one of an entity
– i.e. an employee, a city, a baseball game
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© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Haag
Cummings
McCubbrey
Third Edition
An example: Small-Town Book Store
Book
Customer
cus-num
100
114
115
Purchase
cus-num
114
100
114
114
115
100
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
name
Poulos
Simmons
Thompson
book-code
BS7-8
GW4-5
PQ1-3
GW4-5
PQ1-2
BS7-8
book-code
GW4-5
BS7-8
PQ1-2
PQ1-3
date
9/16/01
9/17/01
9/17/01
9/17/01
9/17/01
9/18/01
title
Blazing Sun
Bright Star
Cattle Run
Cattle Skip
entities?
instances?
primary keys?
foreign keys?
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Haag
Cummings
McCubbrey
Third Edition
Object-Oriented Model
• an object is a software module
• run by OODB
• combines information and procedures
• procedures are reusable
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© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Haag
Cummings
McCubbrey
Third Edition
Data Warehouses and Data Mining
• support OLAP
• support decision making
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Haag
Cummings
McCubbrey
Third Edition
Data Warehouse
• information gathered from many databases
• multidimensional
• support OLAP, not OLTP
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Haag
Cummings
McCubbrey
Third Edition
Data Mining Tools
• query-and-reporting tools
• intelligent agents
• multidimensional analysis tools
• support information discovery
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Haag
Cummings
McCubbrey
Third Edition
Managing Information
• determine type of models & databases
• CIO serves as overseer
• who owns the information?
• ethical concerns
• maintenance (outsource?)
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Haag
Cummings
McCubbrey
Third Edition
Summary
•
differences exist between the physical and logical view of information
•
databases have a significant role in organizations
•
data dictionaries hold the logical structure of databases
•
software to run databases is called a database management system
•
the relational database model is the most widely used
•
relations store information about an entity class
•
databases use primary and foreign keys
•
data warehouses and data mining tools help discover new information to
support decision making
•
types of databases include: centralized, distributed, external, online, knowledge
worker and operational
•
oversight of an organization’s information is often done by a CIO
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.