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How to Spatially Enable Your IBM Informix Database Chris Bosch Agenda Introduction spatial data models spatial standards spatial products spatial processes Geometry concepts Spatially enabling your database Moving forward 2 Introduction: spatial data models Fundamental GIS data models Raster Vector Real World 3 Introduction: spatial data models Collections of Thematic Layers 4 Introduction: spatial standards Open GIS Consortium (OGC) OpenGIS Simple Features Specification for SQL, Revision 1.1 – SQL92 implementations (SFS NG) • using numeric SQL types for geometry storage and ODBC access. • using binary SQL types for geometry storage and ODBC access. – SQL92 with Geometry Types implementations (SFS TF) • supporting both textual and binary ODBC access to geometry. SQL/MM (Multi-Media) 5 Introduction: spatial products OGC SFS conforming products OGC Spec SFS TF 1.1 SFS TF 1.1 SFS TF 1.1 SFS TF 1.1 SFS TF 1.1 SFS TF 1.1 SFS NG 1.1 SFS NG 1.1 SFS NG 1.1 SFS NG 1.1 SFS NG 1.1 SFS NG 1.1 SFS NG 1.1 6 Organization Product Type Contact Date International Business Machines Corporation IBM DB2 Spatial Extender 7.1 Client Adler, David 6/13/2001 Informix Software, Inc. Spatial DataBlade Module 8.1 Client Stevens, Michael 6/25/2001 ESRI ArcSDE for Informix 8.1 Client Danko, David 6/21/2001 ESRI ArcSDE for DB2 8.1 Client Danko, David 6/21/2001 ESRI Client Danko, David 12/23/1999 Client Danko, David 12/23/1999 Oracle Corporation Spatial Database Engine for DB2 Datajoiner 3.0.2 Spatial Database Engine for Informix 3.0.2 Oracle8i Spatial Client Lopez, Xavier 10/24/2000 Oracle Corporation Oracle8i Spatial 8.1.6 Client Lopez, Xavier 5/17/1999 Oracle Corporation Oracle8i Spatial 8.1.5 Client Lopez, Xavier 5/12/1999 Oracle Corporation Oracle8 Spatial Cartridge 8.0.5 Client Lopez, Xavier 4/14/1999 ESRI Spatial Database Engine for Oracle 3.0.2 Client Danko, David 12/23/1999 Oracle Corporation Oracle Spatial, release 9i (9.0.1) Server Lopez, Xavier 9/30/2002 Oracle Corporation Oracle Spatial, 9i Release 2 (9.2.0) Server Lopez, Xavier 9/30/2002 ESRI Introduction: spatial products IBM DB2 Spatial Extender IDS Spatial DataBlade module IDS Geodetic DataBlade module Partner products for IBM Informix Dynamic Server MapInfo SpatialWare module MapInfo Geocoding module BCS Grid And more … 7 Introduction: spatial processes 8 Input Manipulation Management Query Analysis Visualization Agenda Introduction Geometry concepts Coordinate Systems OGC Geometry Object Model Basic Methods on Geometries Methods for testing Spatial Relations Methods that support Spatial Analysis Spatially enabling your database Moving forward 9 Geometry Concepts Multiple Coordinate systems exist Geographic (GEOGCS) – longitude/latitude Projected (PROJCS) – X,Y Geocentric (GEOCCS) – X,Y,Z Defined by several objects DATUM SPHEROID PRIMEM UNIT 10 Geometry Concepts What is coordinate data? Sets of values describing a particular location on a grid. Longitude/Latitude X,Y Z – Altitude or Depth value M – Measures 10 y 0,0 11 20 x Geometry Concepts Projections 12 Transform locations of features on the Earth’s surface to a two dimensional surface. – Mathematical – Preserving Shape – Preserving Accuracy • area • distance • location Geometry Concepts Conic A portion of the Earth's surface is projected onto a cone. The cone is then flattened Mercator 13 The Earth's sphere is flattened out. In this projections the further away from the equator a point is, the larger it seems Geometry Concepts 14 Geometry Concepts 15 Geometry Concepts OpenGIS Consortium (OGC) Geometry Object Model 16 Geometry Concepts Basic Methods on Geometries 17 Dimension ( ):Integer GeometryType ( ):String SRID ( ):Integer Envelope( ):Geometry IsEmpty( ):Integer IsSimple( ):Integer Boundary( ):Geometry AsText( ):String AsBinary( ):Binary Geometry Concepts Dimension used to classify shapes three values can be used – 0 (has neither length nor area) • points, multipoints – 1 (has length) • linestrings, multilinestrings – 2 (has area) • polygons, multipolygons 18 Geometry Concepts IsSimple Some subclasses may be simple or non-simple, while others are always simple multipoints, linestrings, multilinestrings are non-simple if their interiors intersect Non-simple 19 Simple Non-simple Simple Geometry Concepts IsEmpty A geometry is empty if it does not have any points – An empty set An empty geometry has an instantiable type An empty geometry has an SRID – The set is empty but has the same SRID as the column being queried. 20 Geometry Concepts SRID (Spatial Reference ID) Each ordinate of a geometry is stored within a 32-bit integer The x offset, y offset and system units determine the limits (“box”) of the coordinate reference system Spatial functions require that geometries have the same SRID – Geometries stored in a spatial column must all have the same SRID 21 Geometry Concepts Geometry types 22 Point LineString Polygon MultiPoint MultiLineString MultiPolygon Geometry Concepts Point Represent distinct locations – wells, landmarks, elevations... Dimension of 0 Single XY coordinate Always simple Null boundary – all “interior” interior 23 Geometry Concepts LineString Represent linear feature – rivers, roads, power lines... Dimension of 1 – linestrings have length String of coordinates defining a linear interpolated path Simple if it does not intersect its interior simple 24 non-simple Geometry Concepts LineString continued … Boundary is the endpoints Boundary is null if the linestring is closed LineString is a ring if the linestring is closed and simple boundary interior 25 Geometry Concepts Polygon A surface stored as a sequence of points that define an exterior ring and possibly one or more interior rings The rings cannot overlap Rings can intersect at a tangent Always simple interior 26 boundary Geometry Concepts Polygon continued … The rings are the boundary Polygons have area and length (perimeter) Define water bodies, parcels of land... Polygon with a hole. Outer coordinates are expressed counter-clockwise, inner coordinates clockwise. 27 Geometry Concepts MultiPoint 28 A collection of points Dimension of 0 Simple or non-simple Boundary is NULL Define broadcast patterns... Geometry Concepts MultiLineString A collection of linestrings Dimension of 1 Has length Simple and non-simple Simple if endpoints of all elements intersect Simple 29 Non-Simple Simple Geometry Concepts MultiLineString continued … Boundary is the endpoints of all elements combined Boundary is null if all endpoints intersect other endpoints, in which case the MultiLineString is closed Define networks 30 Geometry Concepts MultiPolygon A collection of polygons Dimension of 2 Has area and perimeter Boundary is defined by the set of interior and exterior rings that form its elements 31 Geometry Concepts MultiPolygon continued … Always simple Rings cannot overlap Rings can intersect at a single tangent point 32 Geometry Concepts Methods for testing Spatial Relations between Geometries 33 Equals(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Integer Disjoint(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Integer Intersects(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Integer Touches(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Integer Crosses(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Integer Within(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Integer Contains(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Integer Overlaps(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Integer Relate(anotherGeometry:Geometry, intersectionPatternMatrix:String):Integer Geometry Concepts Equals 34 Geometry Concepts Disjoint 35 Geometry Concepts Intersects 36 Geometry Concepts Touches 37 Geometry Concepts Crosses 38 Geometry Concepts Within 39 Geometry Concepts Contains 40 Geometry Concepts Overlaps 41 Geometry Concepts Methods that support Spatial Analysis 42 Intersection(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Geometry Union(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Geometry Difference(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Geometry SymDifference(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Geometry Buffer(distance:Double):Geometry ConvexHull( ):Geometry Distance(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Double Geometry Concepts Intersection 43 Geometry Concepts Difference 44 Geometry Concepts Union 45 Geometry Concepts SymDifference 46 Geometry Concepts Buffer 47 Geometry Concepts ConvexHull 48 Agenda Introduction Geometry concepts Spatially enabling your database Product version requirements Installation and configuration Adding spatial types and functions to your database Adding spatial data to your database Moving forward 49 Agenda Introduction Geometry concepts Spatially enabling your database Moving forward 50 Enroll in customer training courses Become certified Participate in user community Make use of on-line resources Engage IBM technical support Provide feedback Moving Forward Enroll in customer training courses 51 IBM Informix Dynamic Server – FN-848: Managing and Optimizing IBM Informix Dynamic Server Databases http://www.ibm.com/software/data/informix/education/courses/848.html – FN-910: Data Migration and Reorganization http://www.ibm.com/software/data/informix/education/courses/910.html – L1-846: IBM Informix Dynamic Server Administration http://www.ibm.com/software/data/informix/education/courses/846.html – L2-403: IBM Informix Dynamic Server Performance Tuning http://www.ibm.com/software/data/informix/education/courses/403.html – L2-748: IBM Informix Dynamic Server Backup and Restore http://www.ibm.com/software/data/informix/education/courses/748.html Moving Forward Enroll in customer training courses IBM DB2 – CF030 - DB2 Family Fundamentals (also available via CD-ROM) – CF120 - DB2 SQL Workshop (also available via CD-ROM) – CF131 - DB2 Advanced SQL Workshop (also available via CD-ROM) – CT28C - DB2 UDB for Experienced Relational DBAs (CD-ROM) – DW230 - Managing Geographic Data with DB2 Spatial Extender – http://www-3.ibm.com/services/learning/spotlight/db2/all.html ESRI – Creating and Managing Geodatabases (for ArcEditor 8 and ArcInfo 8) – Introduction to ArcSDE using ArcInfo – ArcSDE Administration for DB2 – http://www.esri.com/training/training.html 52 Moving Forward Become certified 53 IBM Certified Solutions Expert - DB2 UDB V7.1 Database Administration for UNIX, Linux, Windows and OS/2 – Test 512 (or 718): DB2 UDB V7.1 Family Fundamentals http://www-1.ibm.com/certify/tests/obj512.shtml – Test 513 (or 719): DB2 UDB V7.1 for UNIX, Linux, Windows and OS/2 Database Administration http://www-1.ibm.com/certify/tests/obj513.shtml Moving Forward Become certified 54 IBM Certified Solutions Expert - Informix Dynamic Server V9 System Administrator – Test 660-112: Managing and Optimizing Informix Dynamic Server Databases http://www-1.ibm.com/certify/tests/obj660-112.shtml – Test 660-612: System Administration for IBM Informix Dynamic Server Version 9 http://www-1.ibm.com/certify/tests/obj660-612.shtml Moving Forward Participate in user community International Informix Users Group – http://www.iiug.org/ International DB2 Users Group – http://www.idug.org/ ESRI International User Conference – http://www.esri.com/events/uc/index.html 55 Moving Forward Make use of on-line resources 56 Open GIS Consortium – http://opengis.org/ IBM DB2 Spatial Extender – http://www-4.ibm.com/software/data/spatial/ IBM Informix Spatial DataBlade module – http://www-4.ibm.com/software/data/informix/blades/spatial/ IBM Geodetic DataBlade module – http://www-4.ibm.com/software/data/informix/blades/geodetic/ ESRI – http://www.esri.com/ ; http://arconline.esri.com/ IBM developerWorks : DB2 Developer Domain : Informix Developer Zone – http://www7b.software.ibm.com/dmdd/zones/informix/ids_spatial.html Newsgroups – news://news.software.ibm.com/ibm.software.db2.udb.spatial Moving Forward Engage IBM Informix technical support The IBM Software Support Guide begins here – http://techsupport.services.ibm.com/guides/handbook.html Information specific to support of IBM Informix products – http://www-3.ibm.com/software/data/informix/support/ Information specific to support of IBM Informix Dynamic Server – http://www-3.ibm.com/software/data/informix/ids/support/ Information specific to support of IBM DB2 – http://www-3.ibm.com/software/data/support/ Information specific to support of IBM DB2 Spatial Extender – http://www-3.ibm.com/software/data/spatial/support.html Provide feedback 57 How to Spatially Enable Your IBM Informix Database Chris Bosch