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Transcript 
How to Spatially Enable Your IBM Informix
Database
Chris Bosch
Agenda
 Introduction
spatial data models
 spatial standards
 spatial products
 spatial processes

 Geometry concepts
 Spatially enabling your database
 Moving forward
2
Introduction: spatial data models
 Fundamental GIS data models
Raster
Vector
Real
World
3
Introduction: spatial data models
 Collections of Thematic Layers
4
Introduction: spatial standards
 Open GIS Consortium (OGC)

OpenGIS Simple Features Specification for SQL, Revision 1.1
– SQL92 implementations (SFS NG)
• using numeric SQL types for geometry storage and ODBC access.
• using binary SQL types for geometry storage and ODBC access.
– SQL92 with Geometry Types implementations (SFS TF)
• supporting both textual and binary ODBC access to geometry.
 SQL/MM (Multi-Media)
5
Introduction: spatial products
 OGC SFS conforming products
OGC
Spec
SFS TF
1.1
SFS TF
1.1
SFS TF
1.1
SFS TF
1.1
SFS TF
1.1
SFS TF
1.1
SFS NG
1.1
SFS NG
1.1
SFS NG
1.1
SFS NG
1.1
SFS NG
1.1
SFS NG
1.1
SFS NG
1.1
6
Organization
Product
Type
Contact
Date
International Business Machines Corporation
IBM DB2 Spatial Extender 7.1
Client
Adler, David
6/13/2001
Informix Software, Inc.
Spatial DataBlade Module 8.1
Client
Stevens, Michael
6/25/2001
ESRI
ArcSDE for Informix 8.1
Client
Danko, David
6/21/2001
ESRI
ArcSDE for DB2 8.1
Client
Danko, David
6/21/2001
ESRI
Client
Danko, David
12/23/1999
Client
Danko, David
12/23/1999
Oracle Corporation
Spatial Database Engine for DB2
Datajoiner 3.0.2
Spatial Database Engine for Informix
3.0.2
Oracle8i Spatial
Client
Lopez, Xavier
10/24/2000
Oracle Corporation
Oracle8i Spatial 8.1.6
Client
Lopez, Xavier
5/17/1999
Oracle Corporation
Oracle8i Spatial 8.1.5
Client
Lopez, Xavier
5/12/1999
Oracle Corporation
Oracle8 Spatial Cartridge 8.0.5
Client
Lopez, Xavier
4/14/1999
ESRI
Spatial Database Engine for Oracle 3.0.2 Client
Danko, David
12/23/1999
Oracle Corporation
Oracle Spatial, release 9i (9.0.1)
Server
Lopez, Xavier
9/30/2002
Oracle Corporation
Oracle Spatial, 9i Release 2 (9.2.0)
Server
Lopez, Xavier
9/30/2002
ESRI
Introduction: spatial products
 IBM
DB2 Spatial Extender
 IDS Spatial DataBlade module
 IDS Geodetic DataBlade module

 Partner products for IBM Informix Dynamic Server
MapInfo SpatialWare module
 MapInfo Geocoding module
 BCS Grid
 And more …

7
Introduction: spatial processes






8
Input
Manipulation
Management
Query
Analysis
Visualization
Agenda
 Introduction
 Geometry concepts





Coordinate Systems
OGC Geometry Object Model
Basic Methods on Geometries
Methods for testing Spatial Relations
Methods that support Spatial Analysis
 Spatially enabling your database
 Moving forward
9
Geometry Concepts
 Multiple Coordinate systems exist
Geographic (GEOGCS)
– longitude/latitude
 Projected (PROJCS)
– X,Y
 Geocentric (GEOCCS)
– X,Y,Z

 Defined by several objects
DATUM
 SPHEROID
 PRIMEM
 UNIT

10
Geometry Concepts
 What is coordinate data?





Sets of values describing a particular location on a grid.
Longitude/Latitude
X,Y
Z
– Altitude or Depth value
M
– Measures
10 y
0,0
11
20 x
Geometry Concepts
 Projections

12
Transform locations of features on the Earth’s surface to a two dimensional
surface.
– Mathematical
– Preserving Shape
– Preserving Accuracy
• area
• distance
• location
Geometry Concepts
 Conic

A portion of the Earth's surface is
projected onto a cone. The cone is
then flattened
 Mercator

13
The Earth's sphere is flattened out.
In this projections the further away
from the equator a point is, the
larger it seems
Geometry Concepts
14
Geometry Concepts
15
Geometry Concepts
 OpenGIS Consortium (OGC) Geometry Object Model
16
Geometry Concepts
 Basic Methods on Geometries









17
Dimension ( ):Integer
GeometryType ( ):String
SRID ( ):Integer
Envelope( ):Geometry
IsEmpty( ):Integer
IsSimple( ):Integer
Boundary( ):Geometry
AsText( ):String
AsBinary( ):Binary
Geometry Concepts
 Dimension
used to classify shapes
 three values can be used
– 0 (has neither length nor area)
• points, multipoints
– 1 (has length)
• linestrings, multilinestrings
– 2 (has area)
• polygons, multipolygons

18
Geometry Concepts
 IsSimple
Some subclasses may be simple or non-simple, while others are always
simple
 multipoints, linestrings, multilinestrings are non-simple if their interiors
intersect

Non-simple
19
Simple
Non-simple
Simple
Geometry Concepts
 IsEmpty
A geometry is empty if it does not have any points
– An empty set
 An empty geometry has an instantiable type
 An empty geometry has an SRID
– The set is empty but has the same SRID as the column being queried.

20
Geometry Concepts
 SRID (Spatial Reference ID)
Each ordinate of a geometry is stored within a 32-bit integer
 The x offset, y offset and system units determine the limits (“box”) of the
coordinate reference system
 Spatial functions require that geometries have the same SRID
– Geometries stored in a spatial column must all have the same SRID

21
Geometry Concepts
 Geometry types






22
Point
LineString
Polygon
MultiPoint
MultiLineString
MultiPolygon
Geometry Concepts
 Point





Represent distinct locations
– wells, landmarks, elevations...
Dimension of 0
Single XY coordinate
Always simple
Null boundary
– all “interior”
interior
23
Geometry Concepts
 LineString
Represent linear feature
– rivers, roads, power lines...
 Dimension of 1
– linestrings have length
 String of coordinates defining a linear interpolated path
 Simple if it does not intersect its interior

simple
24
non-simple
Geometry Concepts
 LineString continued …
Boundary is the endpoints
 Boundary is null if the linestring is closed
 LineString is a ring if the linestring is closed and simple

boundary
interior
25
Geometry Concepts
 Polygon
A surface stored as a sequence of points that define an exterior ring and
possibly one or more interior rings
 The rings cannot overlap
 Rings can intersect at a tangent
 Always simple

interior
26
boundary
Geometry Concepts
 Polygon continued …
The rings are the boundary
 Polygons have area and length (perimeter)
 Define water bodies, parcels of land...

Polygon with a hole. Outer coordinates are expressed
counter-clockwise, inner coordinates clockwise.
27
Geometry Concepts
 MultiPoint





28
A collection of points
Dimension of 0
Simple or non-simple
Boundary is NULL
Define broadcast patterns...
Geometry Concepts
 MultiLineString





A collection of linestrings
Dimension of 1
Has length
Simple and non-simple
Simple if endpoints of all elements intersect
Simple
29
Non-Simple
Simple
Geometry Concepts
 MultiLineString continued …
Boundary is the endpoints of all elements combined
 Boundary is null if all endpoints intersect other endpoints, in which case the
MultiLineString is closed
 Define networks

30
Geometry Concepts
 MultiPolygon
A collection of polygons
 Dimension of 2
 Has area and perimeter
 Boundary is defined by the set of interior and exterior rings that form its
elements

31
Geometry Concepts
 MultiPolygon continued …
Always simple
 Rings cannot overlap
 Rings can intersect at a single tangent point

32
Geometry Concepts
 Methods for testing Spatial Relations between Geometries









33
Equals(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Integer
Disjoint(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Integer
Intersects(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Integer
Touches(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Integer
Crosses(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Integer
Within(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Integer
Contains(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Integer
Overlaps(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Integer
Relate(anotherGeometry:Geometry, intersectionPatternMatrix:String):Integer
Geometry Concepts
 Equals
34
Geometry Concepts
 Disjoint
35
Geometry Concepts
 Intersects
36
Geometry Concepts
 Touches
37
Geometry Concepts
 Crosses
38
Geometry Concepts
 Within
39
Geometry Concepts
 Contains
40
Geometry Concepts
 Overlaps
41
Geometry Concepts
 Methods that support Spatial Analysis







42
Intersection(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Geometry
Union(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Geometry
Difference(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Geometry
SymDifference(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Geometry
Buffer(distance:Double):Geometry
ConvexHull( ):Geometry
Distance(anotherGeometry:Geometry):Double
Geometry Concepts
 Intersection
43
Geometry Concepts
 Difference
44
Geometry Concepts
 Union
45
Geometry Concepts
 SymDifference
46
Geometry Concepts
 Buffer
47
Geometry Concepts
 ConvexHull
48
Agenda
 Introduction
 Geometry concepts
 Spatially enabling your database
Product version requirements
 Installation and configuration
 Adding spatial types and functions to your database
 Adding spatial data to your database

 Moving forward
49
Agenda




Introduction
Geometry concepts
Spatially enabling your database
Moving forward






50
Enroll in customer training courses
Become certified
Participate in user community
Make use of on-line resources
Engage IBM technical support
Provide feedback
Moving Forward
 Enroll in customer training courses

51
IBM Informix Dynamic Server
– FN-848: Managing and Optimizing IBM Informix Dynamic Server
Databases
http://www.ibm.com/software/data/informix/education/courses/848.html
– FN-910: Data Migration and Reorganization
http://www.ibm.com/software/data/informix/education/courses/910.html
– L1-846: IBM Informix Dynamic Server Administration
http://www.ibm.com/software/data/informix/education/courses/846.html
– L2-403: IBM Informix Dynamic Server Performance Tuning
http://www.ibm.com/software/data/informix/education/courses/403.html
– L2-748: IBM Informix Dynamic Server Backup and Restore
http://www.ibm.com/software/data/informix/education/courses/748.html
Moving Forward
 Enroll in customer training courses
IBM DB2
– CF030 - DB2 Family Fundamentals (also available via CD-ROM)
– CF120 - DB2 SQL Workshop (also available via CD-ROM)
– CF131 - DB2 Advanced SQL Workshop (also available via CD-ROM)
– CT28C - DB2 UDB for Experienced Relational DBAs (CD-ROM)
– DW230 - Managing Geographic Data with DB2 Spatial Extender
– http://www-3.ibm.com/services/learning/spotlight/db2/all.html
 ESRI
– Creating and Managing Geodatabases (for ArcEditor 8 and ArcInfo 8)
– Introduction to ArcSDE using ArcInfo
– ArcSDE Administration for DB2
– http://www.esri.com/training/training.html

52
Moving Forward
 Become certified

53
IBM Certified Solutions Expert - DB2 UDB V7.1 Database Administration for
UNIX, Linux, Windows and OS/2
– Test 512 (or 718): DB2 UDB V7.1 Family Fundamentals
http://www-1.ibm.com/certify/tests/obj512.shtml
– Test 513 (or 719): DB2 UDB V7.1 for UNIX, Linux, Windows and OS/2
Database Administration
http://www-1.ibm.com/certify/tests/obj513.shtml
Moving Forward
 Become certified

54
IBM Certified Solutions Expert - Informix Dynamic Server V9 System
Administrator
– Test 660-112: Managing and Optimizing Informix Dynamic Server
Databases
http://www-1.ibm.com/certify/tests/obj660-112.shtml
– Test 660-612: System Administration for IBM Informix Dynamic Server
Version 9
http://www-1.ibm.com/certify/tests/obj660-612.shtml
Moving Forward
 Participate in user community
International Informix Users Group
– http://www.iiug.org/
 International DB2 Users Group
– http://www.idug.org/
 ESRI International User Conference
– http://www.esri.com/events/uc/index.html

55
Moving Forward
 Make use of on-line resources







56
Open GIS Consortium
– http://opengis.org/
IBM DB2 Spatial Extender
– http://www-4.ibm.com/software/data/spatial/
IBM Informix Spatial DataBlade module
– http://www-4.ibm.com/software/data/informix/blades/spatial/
IBM Geodetic DataBlade module
– http://www-4.ibm.com/software/data/informix/blades/geodetic/
ESRI
– http://www.esri.com/ ; http://arconline.esri.com/
IBM developerWorks : DB2 Developer Domain : Informix Developer Zone
– http://www7b.software.ibm.com/dmdd/zones/informix/ids_spatial.html
Newsgroups
– news://news.software.ibm.com/ibm.software.db2.udb.spatial
Moving Forward
 Engage IBM Informix technical support





The IBM Software Support Guide begins here
– http://techsupport.services.ibm.com/guides/handbook.html
Information specific to support of IBM Informix products
– http://www-3.ibm.com/software/data/informix/support/
Information specific to support of IBM Informix Dynamic Server
– http://www-3.ibm.com/software/data/informix/ids/support/
Information specific to support of IBM DB2
– http://www-3.ibm.com/software/data/support/
Information specific to support of IBM DB2 Spatial Extender
– http://www-3.ibm.com/software/data/spatial/support.html
 Provide feedback
57
How to Spatially Enable Your IBM Informix
Database
Chris Bosch
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