Download Oracle Database 10g: Administration Workshop I

Introduction
Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Course Objectives
After completing this course, you should be able to do
the following:
• Install, create, and administer Oracle Database 10g
• Configure the database for an application
• Employ basic monitoring procedures
• Implement a backup and recovery strategy
• Move data between databases and files
1-2
Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Suggested Schedule
1-3
1.
2.
3.
4.
Introduction
Installation
DB Creation
Instance
13. Performance
14. Backup & Recovery
Concepts
15. Backup
5.
6.
7.
8.
Storage
Users
Schema
Data & Concurrency
16. Recovery
17. Flashback
18. Moving Data
9.
10.
11.
12.
Undo
Security
Network
Proactive Maintenance
Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Lesson Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should be able to do
the following:
• Describe the course objectives
• Explain the Oracle Database 10g architecture
1-4
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Oracle Products and Services
•
•
•
•
•
•
1-5
Oracle databases
Oracle Application Server
Oracle applications
Oracle Collaboration Suite
Oracle Developer Suite
Oracle services
Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Oracle Database 10g:
“g” Stands for Grid
•
•
Global Grid Forum (GGF)
Oracle’s grid infrastructure:
– Low cost
– High quality of service
– Easy to manage
1-6
Storage
grid
Database
grid
Automatic
Storage
Management
Real
Application
Clusters
Application
grid
Oracle
Streams
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Grid
control
Enterprise
Manager
Grid Control
Oracle Database Architecture
An Oracle server:
• Is a database management system that provides
an open, comprehensive, integrated approach to
information management
• Consists of an Oracle instance and an Oracle
database
1-8
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Database Structures
Memory structures
Instance
System Global Area (SGA)
Process structures
Background processes
Storage structures
1-9
Database files
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DB structures
- Memory
- Process
- Storage
Oracle Memory Structures
Server
process
1
PGA
Server
process
2
DB
structures
.
> Memory
Process
Storage
Background
process
PGA
SGA
1-10
Shared pool
Streams pool
Large pool
Java pool
Database
buffer cache
Redo log
buffer
Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
PGA
Process Structures
DB structures
Memory
> Process
Storage
Instance
PGA
SGA
User process
•
•
•
1-12
Server
process
Background
processes
User process: Is started at the time a database
user requests a connection to the Oracle server
Server process: Connects to the Oracle instance
and is started when a user establishes a session
Background processes: Are started when an
Oracle instance is started
Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Oracle Instance Management
SGA
Shared pool
Streams pool
Large pool
Java pool
Database
buffer cache
Redo log
buffer
System
Monitor
(SMON)
Checkpoint
(CKPT)
1-13
Process
Monitor
(PMON)
Database
Writer
(DBWn)
LogWriter
(LGWR)
Control
files
Data
files
Redo log
files
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Archive
log files
Archiver
(ARCn)
Server Process and Database
Buffer Cache
Server
process
SGA
Database
buffer cache
Buffers:
• Pinned
• Clean
• Free or
unused
• Dirty
DBWn
Data files
1-14
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Physical Database Structure
Control files
Data files
Parameter file
Backup files
Password file
1-15
DB structures
Memory
Process
> Storage
.
Online redo log files
Archive log files
Alert and trace log files
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Tablespaces and Data Files
•
•
Tablespaces consist of one or more data files.
Data files belong to only one tablespace.
Data file 1
Data file 2
USERS tablespace
1-17
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SYSTEM and SYSAUX Tablespaces
•
•
•
•
•
1-18
The SYSTEM and SYSAUX tablespaces are
mandatory tablespaces.
They are created at the time of database creation.
They must be online.
The SYSTEM tablespace is used for core
functionality (for example, data dictionary tables).
The auxiliary SYSAUX tablespace is used for
additional database components (such as the
Enterprise Manager Repository).
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Segments, Extents, and Blocks
•
•
•
•
Segments exist within a tablespace.
Segments are made up of a collection of extents.
Extents are a collection of data blocks.
Data blocks are mapped to disk blocks.
Segment
1-19
Extents
Data
blocks
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Disk
blocks
Logical and Physical Database Structures
Logical
Physical
Database
Schema
Tablespace
Data file
Segment
Extent
Oracle data
block
1-20
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OS block
Course Examples: The HR Schema
REGIONS
REGION_ID (PK)
REGION_NAME
COUNTRIES
COUNTRY_ID (PK)
COUNTRY_NAME
REGION_ID (FK)
JOB_ID (PK)
JOB_TITLE
MIN_SALARY
MAX_SALARY
LOCATIONS
EMPLOYEES
LOCATION_ID (PK)
STREET_ADDRESS
POSTAL_CODE
CITY
STATE_PROVINCE
COUNTRY_ID (FK)
EMPLOYEE_ID (PK)
FIRST_NAME
LAST_NAME
EMAIL
PHONE_NUMBER
HIRE_DATE
JOB_ID (FK)
SALARY
COMMISION_PCT
MANAGER_ID (FK)
DEPARTMENT_ID (FK)
DEPARTMENTS
DEPARTMENT_ID (PK)
DEPARTMENT_NAME
MANAGER_ID
LOCATION_ID (FK)
1-22
JOBS
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JOB_HISTORY
EMPLOYEE_ID (PK)
START_DATE (PK)
END_DATE
JOB_ID (FK)
DEPARTMENT_ID (FK)
Database Architecture:
Summary of Structural Components
•
Memory structures:
– System Global Area (SGA): Database buffer cache,
redo buffer, and various pools
– Program Global Area (PGA)
•
Process structures:
– User process and Server process
– Background processes: SMON, PMON, DBWn,
CKPT, LGWR, ARCn, and so on
•
Storage structures:
– Logical: Database, schema, tablespace, segment,
extent, and Oracle block
– Physical: Files for data, parameters, redo, and OS
block
1-23
Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Summary
In this lesson, you should have learned how to:
• Install, create, and administer Oracle Database 10g
• Configure the database for an application
• Employ basic monitoring procedures
• Implement a backup and recovery strategy
• Move data between databases and files
1-24
Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.