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Matakuliah
Tahun
: M0564 /Pengantar Sistem Basis Data
: 2008
Commercial RDBMSs:
Office Access and Oracle
Pertemuan 13
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :
• Mahasiswa dapat menerapkan perintah-perintah sql
pada commercial RDBMS. (C3)
3
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Acknowledgments
These slides have been adapted
from Thomas Connolly and
Carolyn Begg
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Outline Materi
• Microsoft Office Access
• Oracle
5
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Microsoft Office Access 2003
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Objects
Microsoft Access Architecture
Table Definition
Relationships and Referential Integrity Definition
General Constraint Definition
Form
Reports
Macros
Object Dependencies
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Objects
User interacts and develops a database using:
• Table
– The base tables that make up the database.
– Organized into columns (called fields) and rows (called
records)
• Queries
– Allow the user to view, change and analyze data.
– Can stored and used as the source of records for forms,
reports and data access pages.
• Forms
– Can be used for a variety of purposes such as to create a
data entry form to enter data into a table.
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Objects (Con’t…)
• Reports
– Allow data in the database to be presented in an effective
way in a customized printed format.
• Pages
– A (data access) page is a special type of web page designed
for viewing and working with data from internet or an
intranet.
• Macros
– A Set of one or more actions each of which performs a
particular operation.
• Modules
– A collection of VBA declarations and procedures that are
stored together as a unit.
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Multi-User Support
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File-Server Solutions
Client-Server Solutions
Database replication solutions
Web-based database solutions.
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Table Definiton
Five ways to create a blank (empty) table:
• Use the database wizard to create in one operation
all the tables, form and reports that are required for
the entire database.
• Use the table wizard to choose the fields for the
table from a variety of predefined tables.
• Enter data directly into a blank table (called a
datasheet).
• Use design view to specify all table details from
scratch
• Use the CREATE TABLE statement in SQL View.
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Relationships and Referential
Integrity Definition
• Relationship can be created in Microsoft
Access using
– SQL CREATE TABLE
– Relationship Window
• Two things to note about setting referential
integrity constraints
1. One-to-Many (1 : *) and One-to-One (1 : 1)
2. There are only two referential integrity action for
update and delete
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– NO ACTION
– CASCADE
General Constraint Definition
• To Create general constraints in
Microsoft Access using
– Validation rules for fields
– Validation rules for records
– Validation for forms using Visual Basic for
Applications (VBA)
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Microsoft Access - Form
• Allow a user to view and edit the data stored
in the underlying base tables, presenting the
data in an organized and customized manner.
• Contructed as a collection of individual
design elements called controls or control
objects.
• Divided into
– Form Header
– Detail
– Form Footer
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Microsoft Access - Report
• Special type of continuous form designed
specifically for printing, rather than for displaying in
a window.
• Allows the user to
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Sort Records
Group Records
Calculate summary information
Control the overall layout and appearance of the report
• Divided into:
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Report Header
Page Header
Detail
Page Footer
Report Footer
Oracle9i
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Objects
Oracle Architecture
Table Definition
General Constraint Definition
PL/SQL
Subprograms, Stored Procedures, Function and
Packages
• Triggers
• Oracle Internet Developer Suite
• Other Oracle Functionality
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Object
• Tables
– Table is organized into columns and rows.
– One or more tables are stored within a tablespace
– Oracle supports temporary tables that exist only for the
duration of a transaction or session
• Objects
– Object types provide a way to extend Oracle’s relational
data type system.
• Clusters
– Cluster is a set of tables physically stored together as one
table that shares common columns.
• Indexes
– Index is a structure that provides accelerated access to the
rows of a table based on the values in one or more columns.
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Object (Con’t…)
• Views
– View is a virtual table that does not necessarily
exist in the database but can be produced upon
request by a particular user at the time of request.
• Synonyms
– Alternative names for objects in the database
• Sequences
– Generate a unique sequence of number in cache.
• Stored Functions
– Set of SQL or PL/SQL statements used together to
execute a particular function and stored in the
database
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Object (Con’t…)
• Stored Procedures
– Procedure and functions are identical except that
functions always return a value (procedure do
not).
• Packages
– Collection of procedure, functions, variables and
SQL statements that are grouped together and
stored as a single program unit in the database.
• Triggers
– Trigger are code stored in the database and
invoked by events that occur in the database.
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Oracle Architecture
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General Constraint Definition
There are several ways to create general
constraints:
• SQL and the CHECK and CONSTRAINT
clauses of the CREATE and ALTER TABLE
statements
• Stored procedures and functions
• Triggers
• Methods
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PL/SQL
• PL/SQL is
– Oracle’s procedural extension to SQL.
– Similar to modern programming languages.
– Block-structured language.
• PL/SQL Block has up to three parts:
– Optional declaration part
– Mandatory executable part
– Optional exception part
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Subprograms and Packages
• Subprograms are named PL/SQL blocks that can
take parameters and be invoked
– (Stored) Procedure
• Will always return a single value to the caller
– Functions
• Only one return value is needed
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Packages is a collection of procedures, function,
variables and SQL statements that are grouped
together and stored as a single program unit.
– Have two parts
• Specification
• Body
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Terima kasih
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