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THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT
Where is the wisdom we have lost in
knowledge? Where is the knowledge we have
lost in information.
~ T.S. Eliot ~
Learning Objectives
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Concretize the concepts of data, information, data management
and metadata
Explain what a database is and why databases are important
Describe a database management system
Differentiate between the DBMS and a database
Describe the different data models and abstraction layers
Explain the similarities and differences among DBMS products
Explain DBMS history and modern uses
Describe how data is physically stored in primary and secondary
storage
Before we begin…What’s…
Data?
Information?
Data
Management?
Metadata?
Query?
Elements of a Database
Database
Meta-Data
Data-Management
Data “In”
Information “Out”
Data
End-User
Activity: What is It!?!?
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2.
3.
4.
A Telephone book
Organizing the Phone
Book in Alphabetical
Order
Looking up ‘Michael
Fudge’ yields the phone
number 555-1234
How many ‘Fudges’ are
there in the phone book?
1.
2.
3.
Employee records (in a
file cabinet)
Filing a new employee
under “W” because their
last name is “Williams”
The average employee
salary is $40,000
Data or Information?
Where’s the
Data?
Where’s the
Metadata?
Activity: Data or Meta-Data?
1.
2.
3.
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6.
A Zip Code: 13244
A Zip Code is 5 Characters XXXXX
A List of First Names: Tom, Dick, Harry
A Picture, Like This One:
The Name of the Picture
file FrostTrees.jpg
When you place an order, the quantity of the
item ordered must be a number >0
Something
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Data can be information:
 $5
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strange and confusing:
(the amount of money in my wallet)
Information can be data:
I
calculate student final grades, then place them on a
form sent to the registrar’s office.
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Metadata can be data:
 The
names of MP3 files in your personal collection.
Actually it’s all about context!
What is it, part duex!
Database
Database
Management
System
Database or DBMS?
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Microsoft Access?
Our class Roster?
Our LMS, blackboard?
MySQL?
SU’s SUMMIT Library system?
Data or Metadata?
Database?
DBMS?
Activity: Is it a database?
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Stats on ESPN.com?
My email address?
Medical records in a filing cabinet?
A weblog like slashdot.org?
Amazon.com product catalog?
This course syllabus?
All the syllabi on campus?
Your MP3 collection?
Data Models: Abstraction Levels
Conceptual
Logical
Internal
Highly
HW/SW
Independent
Medium
HW Ind.
SW Dep
External
Physical
Low
HW/SW
Dependent
Elements of the DBMS Approach
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Enterprise Data Model
 Graphical model showing high-level entities and relationships
for the organization
Relational Databases
 Database technology involving tables (relations) representing
entities and primary/foreign keys representing relationships
Use of Internet Technology
 Networks and telecommunications, distributed databases,
client-server and 3-tier architectures
Database Applications
 Application programs used to perform database activities
CRUD for database users
Evolution of DBMSs
DBMS Market Share
Source: Gartner Dataquest
DBMS Market Size
Millions $
DBMS Market Size
9400
9200
9000
8800
8600
8400
8200
8000
7800
9203
8815
8516
8363
Y2002
Y2003
Y2004
Year
Source: Gartner Dataquest (2003)
Y2005
An employable skill in the future.
Source BLS: 2004
THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT
Questions?