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Transcript 
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 24
Enhanced Data Models
for Advanced
Applications
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
FIGURE 24.1
A simplified COMPANY database used for active rule
examples.
Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 24-3
FIGURE 24.2
Specifying active rules
as triggers in Oracle
notation. (a) Triggers for
automatically maintaining the
consistency of TOTAL_SAL of
DEPARTMENT.
Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 24-4
FIGURE 24.2 (continued)
Specifying active rules as triggers in Oracle notation.
(b) Trigger for comparing an employee’s salary with that of his or her
supervisor.
Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 24-5
FIGURE 24.3
A syntax summary for specifying triggers in the Oracle
system (main options only).
Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 24-6
FIGURE 24.4
An example to illustrate the termination problem for active
rules.
Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 24-7
FIGURE 24.5
Active rules using
statement-level
semantics in
STARBURST
notation.
Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 24-8
FIGURE 24.6
Trigger T1 illustrating the syntax for defining triggers in SQL99.
Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 24-9
FIGURE 24.7
Different types of temporal relational databases. (a) Valid time
database schema. (b) Transaction time database schema. (c) Bitemporal
database schema.
Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 24-10
FIGURE 24.8
Some tuple versions iin the valid time relations EMP_VT and
DEPT_VT.
Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 24-11
FIGURE 24.9
Some tuple versions in the bitemporal relations EMP_BT and
DEPT_BT.
Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 24-12
FIGURE 24.10
Possible ODL
schema for a
temporal valid time
Employee_VT
object class using
attribute versioning.
Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 24-13
FIGURE 24.10 (continued)
Possible ODL schema for a temporal valid time
Employee_VT object class using attribute versioning.
Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 24-14
FIGURE 24.11
(a) Prolog notation. (b) The supervisory tree.
Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 24-15
FIGURE 24.12
Proving a new fact.
Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 24-16
FIGURE 24.13
An interpretation
that is a minimal
model.
Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 24-17
FIGURE 24.14
Fact predicates
for part of the
database from
Figure 5.6.
Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 24-18
FIGURE 24.15
Rule-defined predicates.
Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 24-19
FIGURE 24.16
Predicates for
illustrating
relational
operations.
Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 24-20
FIGURE 24.17
Predicate dependency graph for Figures 24.14 and 24.15.
Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 24-21
FIGURE 24.18
Database schema for sales and salesperson commissions in
Exercise 24.17.
Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 24-22
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