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Databases – A Historical Perspective
Postgresql West - 2009
Seattle Central
Community College
Seattle, WA
Databases – A Historical Perspective
WHO AM I?
Brent Friedman
Senior Solutions Consultant
Cincom Systems, Inc
[email protected]
Databases – A Historical Perspective
What is a database?
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE: 1950s
The earliest computers weren’t sufficiently
complex to entertain the idea of a free-standing
database. Data was directly linked with the
application in memory at the time.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE: 1960s
DATABASE – NETWORK MODEL
CODASYL
References to data are through low-level pointers.
Adding or changing a database required
considerable reworking of the storage
mechanism.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE: 1960s
DATABASE – HIERARCHICAL MODEL
IBM’s IMS
These databases allow only 1:1 or 1:many
relationships. Such databases can be incredibly
fast, but are not well suited to hold disparate
types of information.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
DATABASE TRIVIA
Name a hierarchical database system that is still
in everyday use around the world.
Hint: What contact information about people do
YOU store right now?
Databases – A Historical Perspective
Around 1964, the term "data base" was
"coined by workers in military information
systems to denote collections of data
shared by end-users of time sharing
computer systems." In earlier days, each
application had its own "master files" of
data, so the concept of a data collection
that could be shared by multiple
applications was a new idea in efficiency.
http://www.snee.com/bobdc.blog/2005/12/25-years-of-database-history-s-1.html
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE: 1964
http://www.computersciencelab.com/ComputerHistory/HistoryPt4.htm
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE: 1967
The term “memory bank” enters, and soon
(thankfully) leaves, the English language.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE: 1969
Cincom Systems, Inc., in
Cincinnati, Ohio, releases TOTAL –
the first commercial database
management system that is not
tied to proprietary hardware or
software bundles.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
1969…
Was not just about the counterculture. But things were about to
happen…
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE: 1970
Edgar F. Codd, commonly
cited as E. F. Codd,
published a paper on
something he called
“Relational Database
Theory”
http://www.ibiblio.org/jelkner/IntroToIT/database_lesson.html
Databases – A Historical Perspective
Codd, continued
Codd’s revolutionary idea did not
focus on the relational algebra,
but rather on how the data should
be addressed. His theory
separated the schema from the
storage mechanism.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
RDBMS – What’s that?
A relational database
management system is ultimately
based on E. F. Codd’s theories.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – 1970s
RDBMS – Path 1
The Ingres Group:
Ingres; Sybase; MS Sql Server; and
something called Postgres…
These used the QUEL language
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – 1970s
RDBMS – Path 2
The (IBM) System R Group:
DB2; Oracle; Nonstop SQL
These used the SQL language
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE - 1976
Peter Chen proposed the EntityRelationship diagram (ERD),
which is still sometimes called a
“Chen diagram”
Databases – A Historical Perspective
ERD – Chen Diagram
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entity-relationship_model
Databases – A Historical Perspective
ERDs and so on
There are a multitude of design
practices, modelling tools, and
even variations on how to diagram
relational data.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
To avoid tomato throwing,
insinuations about lineage, and
general bodily harm, we will avoid
a direct discussion of specific
schools of thought in the area of
relational data representation.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
If you really need a hint…
database design tool
Database Design
Studio
Lite or Pro versions
www.chillisource.com
http://www.thespeciousreport.com/2006/06060222comedy.html
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – 1980s
The QUEL branch of RDBMS
suffers a horrible boating
accident, and is not heard from
again.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – 1980s
SQL
Structured Query Language
becomes the de facto standard
among all relational database
products.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
SQL – The Real Image
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – mid 1980s
The rise of the personal computer
(PC) issues in a host of new
‘personal’ relational databases:
Paradox; Dbase III; RBASE; etc.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – early 1990s
The trend toward 4GL (4th
generation languages) leads to
visual front-ends for personal
databases:
Powerbuilder; Oracle Developer;
and even early MS VB
Databases – A Historical Perspective
PUBLIC SERVICE NOTICE:
If you have been exposed to VB,
your local health department has
a treatment regimen that should
clear that right up.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE - 1990
Some geek named Tim BernersLee, or “Sir Timothy John BernersLee, OM, KBE, FRS, FREng, FRSA”
for all you Brits, proposed mating
hypertext with the early Internet.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – mid 1990s
This “World Wide Web” thing
really catches on, once Al Gore let
everybody know they could do
something with their dial-up
modems besides playing DECWar
at the local university.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – late 1990s
Relational databases become so
ubiquitous that even your mother
knows what “DBA” means.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – 1995ish
Graduate students Andrew Yu and
Jolly Chen revise Postgres’s query
language, POSTQUEL, to use SQL,
and call it Postgres95…
http://www.postgresql.org/about/history
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – 2000s
Object databases, although they
have been around for a while,
start to get noticed by non-geeks.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
The role of object databases in
“SKYNET” has not yet been
determined…
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – 2005
Columnar databases find a
growing audience in the “need for
speed” crowd. While probably still
a niche segment, products such
as Monet are increasing in
popularity.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE -2008
Sun Microsystems acquires MySQL
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – 2009
MySQL leaves Sun Microsystems
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – 2009
The rise of distributed systems
inspires the NoSQL movement –
rejection of traditional RDBMS
systems for distributed data
structures, such as Apache Hadoop
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – 2010
Will cloud computing
gain ground on
traditional IT
infrastructure
models?
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – 2015?
PostgreSQL acquires
Sun Microsystems
Oracle
Databases – A Historical Perspective
Questions?
Comments?
Databases – A Historical Perspective
END
OF
PART
ONE