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PHP (and a little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Lisa Bartle, Reference Librarian Cal. State University, San Bernardino [email protected] 909-537-7552 An Infopeople Workshop PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Summer 2006 - This material has been created by Lisa Bartle for the Infopeople Project [infopeople.org], supported by the U.S. Institute of Museum and Library Services under the provisions of the Library Services and Technology Act, administered in California by the State Librarian. Any use of this material should credit the author and funding source. Introductions •Lab assistant •Participants –Name –Position –What you hope to do with PHP PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Assumptions for This Class 1. You know html code (e.g., tables, forms). 2. You understand the basics of databases (e.g., fields, records, truncation). 3. A little programming experience in any language is useful for this class but not essential (for example, you know what a variable is). PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Goals for This Class 1. Not to teach everything about PHP, but provide the basic knowledge for an online database. 2. Explain just the code, not setting up a server. 3. Provide a solid grounding so the books are not as formidable. PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Diagram of Web Applications Borrowed from MySQL/PHP Database Applications, 2nd ed. by Brad Bulger, Jay Greenspan, and David Wall. PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie What is PHP? A scripting language most suitable for online database management. PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie PHP Benefits • Open source, so it’s free • Hosting is inexpensive • PHP can be embedded in html files using .php file extension • Easy to learn • Works powerfully and intimately with MySQL and the web PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie PHP More Benefits •Works well with Apache – also open source •Parse complex strings •Communicate with many credit card processing systems •Communicate with many protocols, including IMAP & POP3 (email), NNTP (usenet), and DNS (hostnames & addresses) •Native database support for over 25 db products including dBase, FilePro, FrontBase, IBM DB2, Hyperwave, mSQL, MySQL, Sybase, Unix dbm, Access, and many others oAccess may be more difficult to connect PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Who’s Using PHP? Go to http://www.php.net/usage.php to find current usage statistics. http://www.abc-lit.com PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Recommendations for Text Editors • EditPlus2 from ES-Computing (free) • NoteTab Light from Fookes Software (free) • PHP Designer from MP Software (free) • Crimson Editor from Ingyu Kang (free) PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie It All Starts with the Database The MySQL Connection PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie What is MySQL? • A database system often used for webaccessible databases • A relational database management system (RDMS), like Microsoft’s Access, using SQL PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie MySQL Introduction • Pronounced “My Ess Que Ell,” according to the MySQL reference manual. • Can handle small databases or very large ones (ex. 50 million records, 60,000 tables and about 5,000,000,000 rows; maximum table size is 65536 terabytes, but operating systems have limitations). Look at the MySQL reference manual (downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-5.0-en.pdf). PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie MySQL Benefits • Open source, so it’s free • Designed to work intimately with PHP and the web • Dependable code back to 1980s and fully backward compatible • Can operate with a variety of operating systems: o Unix; FreeBSD; Mac OS X; Solaris; Windows 9x, Me, NT, 2000, XP, and Server 2003 (Microsoft products are not the best with MySQL) PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie How Is Your Data Stored? • Access • Excel • Something else PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie If You Have Data … • Using Access or Excel you may want to convert to MySQL using an online converter • Intelligent Converters has several for-fee programs at http://www.convert-in.com PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie If You Don’t Have Data … • Create a database using MySQL client PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie More If You Don’t Have Data … • Create a database using Access or Excel • Create a database using phpMyAdmin o a tool written in PHP for the administration of a o MySQL server over the Web often included with the operating system PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie phpMyAdmin Table Creation PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie To Maintain Your Data • Use Access or Excel to update, then convert to MySQL using a converter PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie MySQL data INSERT INTO 'people' VALUES('Joann', 'M', 'Aardappel', "", 'Pine Bluff', 'AR', 'Fontana', 'CA', 'San Bernardino County Sun', '2000-10-09'); INSERT INTO 'people' VALUES('Louie', 'R', 'Aboytes', "", 'Mesa', 'AZ', 'Loma Linda', 'CA', 'San Bernardino County Sun', '2001-01-05'); INSERT INTO 'people' VALUES('Edith', "", 'Abramson', 'Gimble', 'St. Paul', 'MN', 'Redlands', 'CA', 'San Bernardino County Sun', '2000-11-18'); INSERT INTO 'people' VALUES('Antonia', "", 'Acevedo', 'Bermudez', "", 'Mexico', 'Fontana', 'CA', 'San Bernardino County Sun', '2000-11-14'); PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie To Maintain Your Data • Use Access or Excel to update, then convert to MySQL using a converter • Use phpMyAdmin to update PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie phpMyAdmin Data Input PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Housekeeping 1. Open Internet Explorer 2. Go to Tools > Internet Options > Advanced 3. Put an X next to: Enable folder view for FTP sites PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Our Project Go to http://phpclass.infopeople.org/search.html PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie The PHP Connection PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie PHP Start and Stop example1.php •PHP code starts <?php •PPH code ends ?> PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Comments • Explain the purpose of the coding • Help you and others read the code • Help you when you’ve forgotten what it all means PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Comment Structure // begin each line inside the PHP code # begin each line inside the PHP code /* begin and */ end several lines inside the PHP code PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Comment Examples <?php //Purpose: to create a form for patrons’ questions ?> ---------------------------<?php ###### Show Results to User ###### ?> ---------------------------<?php /* Purpose: to create a form for patrons’ questions Author: Lisa Bartle Date: Nov. 6, 2006 */ ?> PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Exercise 1 Open up Notepad and get to coding! PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie “Hello_Librarians”: First PHP Example Code User Sees example1.php <h2>Infopeople PHP class</h2> <?php print "<p>Hello librarians!"; ?> PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie PHP and HTML •HTML can be outside of PHP coding •HTML can be inside of the code, but must be inside quotation marks with a print statement •PHP statements end in a semi-colon example1.php PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Outputting Data •Echo -- a language construct or structure for a single argument. •Print -- a language construct, which can have multiple arguments and more complex expressions. We will use PRINT in this class. PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Echo & Print Example Code User Sees example2.php <?php Echo "Infopeople PHP Presentation"; Print "<P>Hello librarians."; ?> PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie What is a Variable? • A variable is a place to store information. • Information stored in a variable can be defined by the programmer. • Information stored in a variable can come from a user using a form. PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Variables • A variable always begins with a $ then the variable name. • Variables are case sensitive and alpha-numeric. • Do not start a variable with a number. • All the variables below are different. $book $amount $Amount $AmoUnT $AMOUNT PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Variable Example <?php Print "<h2>Infopeople PHP Presentation </h2><br>"; print "<p>Hello librarians! <br>"; $date="Nov. 6, 2006"; print "Today’s date is $date"; ?> example3.php PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Printing Variables <?php $date="Nov. 6, 2006"; print "Today’s date is $date"; Print "Today’s date is "; print $date; ?> example3.php PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Date Function • Use date() to display the date and time • Can display in multiple ways Jul. 12, 2006 July 12, 2006 7/12/2006 2006/07/12 example7.php PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Date Display $datedisplay=date("Y/m/d"); print $datedisplay; # If the date is November 6, 2005 # It would display as 2005/11/06 $showdate=date("l, F j, Y"); print $showdate; # If the date is November 6, 2005 # It would display as # Sunday, November 6, 2005 See handout “Displaying the Date Using Date()” example7.php PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Exercise 2 Open up Notepad and get to coding! PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Profession Example profession.php PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie The HTML Connection PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Forms Forms provide an interface for users to query your database. PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Forms HTML <-- form tag goes before the form objects --> <form> [form objects go here] [radio buttons, pull-down menus, text boxes] [submit button, cancel button] </form> PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Radio Buttons <INPUT type="radio" name="sex" value="M"> Male<BR> <INPUT type="radio" name="sex" value="F"> Female<BR> Name becomes the variable name. Value is what the variable is holding. example9.html PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Pull-Down Menus <p>City of death: <select name="deathcity" size="1"> <option selected value="">Search all cities in database</option> <option value="Fontana">Fontana</option> <option value="Loma Linda">Loma Linda</option> <option value="Redlands">Redlands</option> <option value="San Bernardino">San Bernardino</option> <option value="Victorville">Victorville</option> </select> Name =variable name. Value =what variable is holding. example10.html PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Text Boxes <input TYPE= "text" NAME="anyname" SIZE="20" MAXLENGTH="40"> Name =variable name. example11.html PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Check Boxes Libraries should get more<p> <input TYPE="checkbox" NAME="money" VALUE="Yes" checked> Money <br> <input TYPE="checkbox" NAME="respect" VALUE="Yes"> Respect Name=variable name Value=what variable is holding. example13.html PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Submit/Reset Buttons <input TYPE="submit" NAME="Search" VALUE="Search it!"> <input TYPE="reset" NAME="Cancel" VALUE="Clear Form"> example14.html PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Form Action <-- not just form tag, but form action --> <form action="file,URL,or path" method="post"> [form objects here] </form> PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie The PHP Connection PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Operators • Arithmetic operators • Assignment operators • Comparison operators See handout “Operators.” PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Arithmetic Operators $a + $b $a - $b $a * $b $a / $b example6.php //addition //subtraction //multiplication //division PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Assignment & Arithmetic Operators <?php $a=15; $b=30; $total=$a+$b; Print $total; Print "<p><h1> $total </h1>"; //total is 45 ?> example6.php PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Comparison Operators Equal $a == $b Not Equal $a != $b $a <> $b Less Than $a < $b Less Than or Equal to $a <= $b Greater Than $a > $b Greater Than or Equal to $a >= $b See handout “Operators” PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Difference Between = and == = Assigns a value to a variable == Checks the value of a variable See handout “Operators.” PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie If … Else If (condition) { Statement; } Else { Statement; } If ($user=="Lisa") { Print "Hello Lisa."; } Else { Print "You aren't Lisa."; } No THEN in PHP PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie If (condition) { Statement; } Elseif (condition) { Statement; } Else { Statement; } ElseIf If ($user=="Lisa") { Print "Hello Lisa."; } Elseif ($user=="Mo") { Print "Hello Mo."; } Else { Print "Who are you?"; } PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie While Loops While (condition) { Statement; } example8.php <?php $count=0; While ($count<5) { Print "Hello Lisa."; $count=$count + 1; } #Another way to say #to say that is #$count++; ?> PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Profession Example 1. Go to profession.php http://phpclass.infopeople.org/lisa/profession.php PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Questions to Think About 1. What is the first step for this code? 2. What kind of php structures will be necessary? example15.php PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Exercise 3 PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Top Errors & Messages 1. Missing semi-colon. 2. Misspelled variables and missing $. 3. Incomplete pairs for quotation marks, parentheses, curly brackets, etc. See handout “Common PHP Mistakes and Error Messages” PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Our Sample Database • This class’s prepared database is called obituaries. • The file is obituaries.sql. • It is an index of people’s names who have had obits listed in the newspaper. It is for patron’s genealogical research. • The table called people has our data. Records: 100 Fields: 11 See handout “Organize Your Database and Server Information” PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Download Search.html to Your Directory Go to http://phpclass.infopeople.org/search.html 1. Click View > Source 2. Save the file as search.html to your desktop. 3. Copy the file from your desktop into your directory. You will not need to create the search form from scratch. PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie search.php >>Creates connection to server & database •Alters input for safety •Creates SQL query •Displays the results >>Close the connection to database PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Connect to the Server Mysql_connect() is the function used to connect to the server. mysql_connect("hostaddress", "myusername", "mypassword") or die ("message"); Die() is a function for an output message and to terminate the current script. PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Mysql_connect() Structure $connection=mysql_connect("hostaddress", "myusername", "mypassword") or die ("message"); PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Mysql_connect() Example # Create connection to database # Define variables $hostaddress="phpclass.phpclass. infopeople.org"; $myusername="phpclass"; $mypassword="infopeople"; $connection=mysql_connect($hostaddress , $myusername, $mypassword) or die ("Can’t connect to server."); PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Close Connection Mysql_close() is the function to close the connection to the server. mysql_close($connection); PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Connect to the Database Mysql_select_db() is the function to select your MySQL database. mysql_select_db("database") or die ("Message"); PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Mysql_select_db() #$database="obituaries"; #$tablename="people"; $result=mysql_select_db($database) or die("Database could not be selected"); PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Alter Input for Safety • Creates connection to database >>Alters input for safety • Creates SQL query • Displays the results • Close the connection to database PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Trim(), Strip_tags(), Strtolower() • Trim removes whitespace at the beginning and end of a string. • Strip_tags tries to remove PHP & HTML tags from a string. • Strtolower converts alpha characters to lowercase. $anyname=trim($anyname); $anyname=strip_tags($anyname); $anyname=strtolower($anyname); search.php PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Exercise 4 Open up Notepad and get to coding! PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Create SQL Query • Creates connection to database • Alters input for safety >>Creates SQL query • Displays the results • Close the connection to database PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Concatenation “A union by chaining or linking together.” Use a period to link together strings. <?php $string1="Hello"; $string2="Librarians"; $string3=$string1." ".$string2; Print $string3; print "<p>"; Print $string1." ".$string2; ?> example5.php PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Escaping the Character If the string has a set of double quotation marks that must remain visible, use the \ [backslash] before the quotation marks so PHP does not act on them and only displays them. example16.php <?php $heading="\"Lisa's Books\""; Print $heading; ?> PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie The SQL Connection PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Diagram of Web Applications Borrowed from MySQL/PHP Database Applications, 2nd ed. by Brad Bulger, Jay Greenspan, and David Wall. PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie What is SQL? • Structured Query Language • A database access language standard • All SQL-capable databases support a common subset of SQL o Access, MySQL, some Oracle databases, etc. PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie SQL Select Query Template SELECT [field],[field] from [table] WHERE [field] [operator] [parameter or input] ORDER BY [field] [ASC or DESC]; PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie SQL Query Examples Database: obituaries Table: people Fields: lastname, firstname, middlename, maidenname, newsdate, newsyear •SELECT lastname, firstname from people where newsyear > 2000; •SELECT lastname, firstname from people where newsyear > 2000 and newsyear < 2003; •SELECT lastname, firstname from people where newsyear BETWEEN 2000 and 2003; Numbers do not need quotation marks in SQL. PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie SQL Query Examples Database: obituaries Table: people Fields: lastname, firstname, middlename, maidenname, newsdate, newsyear •SELECT * from people where lastname = "Jones"; •SELECT * from people where lastname LIKE "Jones%"; •SELECT * from people where lastname LIKE "%Jones"; •SELECT * from people where lastname LIKE "%Jones%" ORDER BY lastname ASC, firstname ASC; Text needs quotation marks in SQL. PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie PHP & SQL in the Query SELECT * from people where lastname LIKE "%Jones%" ORDER BY lastname ASC; $query="SELECT * from people where lastname LIKE \"%Jones%\" ORDER BY lastname ASC"; PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Variables in the PHP/SQL Query $query="SELECT * from people where lastname LIKE \"%Jones%\" ORDER BY lastname ASC"; $query="SELECT * from " .$tablename. " where lastname LIKE \"%" .$anyname. "%\" ORDER BY lastname ASC"; PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Match Against In Boolean Mode $query="SELECT * from " .$tablename. " WHERE MATCH(firstname, middlename, lastname, maidenname) AGAINST ('$anyname' IN BOOLEAN MODE) AND newsyear>= " .$newsyear1. " AND newsyear<=" .$newsyear2. " ORDER BY lastname ASC"; Red=PHP Purple=SQL PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie SQL Troubleshooting Tips Build the SQL statement slowly, piece by piece. # Keep what is working and comment it out so # that you can start from success when you # need to start over. # $query="SELECT * from ".$tablename; # This works $query="SELECT * from ".$tablename; Print the query so you can tell where it is breaking down. Print $query; PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie SQL Query If ($deathcity=="") {$deathcityquery=" ";} else {$deathcityquery=" and deathcity=\"".$deathcity."\"";} PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie More SQL Query If ($anyname=="") { $query="SELECT * from " . $tablename. " WHERE newsyear >=".$newsyear1." AND newsyear<=".$newsyear2.$deathcityquery." ORDER BY lastname ASC"; } else { $query="SELECT * from " . $tablename. " WHERE match(firstname, middlename, lastname, maidenname) against ('$anyname' in boolean mode) and newsyear >=".$newsyear1." AND newsyear<=".$newsyear2.$deathcityquery." ORDER BY lastname ASC"; • } PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Download sql_query.php Sql_query.php is available in the main directory of the ftp server. • Copy the file to your desktop. • Open it. • Copy the query and place it under the header Create SQL Query. PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie True Boolean Queries We have a textbox, $anyname, in our obituary search form. We want it to be Boolean searchable. Such as: (peek or byrd) and (mary or ellen) How do we do it? PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Alter the Input for SQL Think of our old AltaVista searches: +alice –wonderland +columbia We need to use PHP to substitute the AND, OR, NOT that the users input so that SQL can understand it. PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Create Boolean String # Insert an initial plus-sign so # the first term or phrase is # included as a mandatory. $addplus="+"; $anyname=$addplus.$anyname; PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Replacing Strings Use str_replace() to replace one string with another. $string= str_replace("find this", "replace with this", $in_ this_string); PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Create Boolean String str_replace() AND # Replace all the AND's with +'s, # so that SQL’s fulltext indexing # can understand it. # The spacing is important here. $anyname=str_replace(" and ", " +", $anyname); PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Create Boolean String str_replace() OR # OR is assumed, so just pull # those out. $anyname =str_replace(" or ", " ", $anyname); PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Create Boolean String str_replace() NOT # look for NOTs $anyname=str_replace(" not ", " -", $anyname); # Some people may put AND NOT. Since # we already replaced the ANDs and # ORs, this may look strange. $anyname=str_replace(" +not ", " -", $anyname); PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Mysql_query() Where $query is the constructed SQL query: mysql_query($query) or die(“Message."); $result=mysql_query($query) or die("Couldn’t execute query."); PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Exercise 5 Open up Notepad and get to coding! PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie search.php • Creates connection to database • Alters input for safety • Creates SQL query >>Displays the results • Close the connection to database PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie What is an Array? An array is a variable that holds many different variables in it. “An array of books.” PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie $result is an Array where the results are stored. $result=mysql_query($query) or die("Couldn’t execute query."); PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Mysql_fetch_array() Use mysql_fetch_array() to gather the waiting query results row by row, then display them. $counter=0; while ($rows=mysql_fetch_array($result)) # displaying data from results { Display row after row here with html. } PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Mysql_num_rows() Use mysql_num_rows to get the number of matching results. $Numrows is the number of rows, or records, in the result of the query. $numrows=mysql_num_rows($result); PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Plan the Display Write out how you want it to look! There are X result(s) in your search. 1. lastname (maidenname), firstname middlename Born: birthcity, birthstate Died: deathcity, deathstate Obituary: <i>newspaper</i> newsdate, newsyear PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Display Results to User $counter=0; $numrows=mysql_num_rows($result); Print "There are $numrows result(s) in your search.<p>" PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Display Results to User while ($rows=mysql_fetch_array($result)) # filling-in data from results { $counter=$counter+1; Print $counter.". ".$rows["lastname"]. " (" . $rows["maidenname"] ."), " . $rows["firstname"] ." " . $rows["middlename"]."<br>"; } Red is HTML and the quotation marks surrounding it. PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Review of PHP PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie search.php • Creates connection to database • Alters input for safety • Creates SQL query • Displays the results >>Close the connection to database PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Close Connection Mysql_close is the function to close the connection to the server. mysql_close($connection); PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Exercise 6 Open up Notepad and get to coding! PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Include Files & Require Files Include and require insert files (sensitive or oft-repeated code stored in files) into the current code. This will prove useful and protective once you connect to a database, as well as for other repeated functions. Include "/path/to/filename.html"; include ("footer.txt"); require ("start.inc"); example17.inc PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Include Files & Require Files The file start.inc might look like: <?php $hostaddress="phpclass.phpclass.infopeople.org"; $username="phpclass"; $password="infopeople"; $database="obituaries"; $tablename="people"; ?> example17.inc PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Include File Placement ### Define Connection Variables ### Require ("start.inc"); ### Connect to Serve & Database ### $connection=mysql_connect($hostaddre ss, $myusername, $mypassword) or die ("Can’t connect to server."); PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie PHP Covered date() die() echo elseif if … else include() mysql_close() mysql_connect() mysql_fetch_array() mysql_num_rows() mysql_query() mysql_select_db() print require() str_replace() strip_tags strtolower() trim() while # // /* & */ . 19 down, \ 4592 to go! PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Evaluation Time Please go to infopeople.org/wseval.html and complete the evaluation. Thank you!