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Management Information Systems Chapter 5 Database Processing This Could Happen to You Dee selected Moveable Type application program Needs database program to store blog Consultant suggested MySQL Network standardized on Oracle May not be able to run Moveable Type Will require revision of labor estimates IT resists installing MySQL 2 Study Questions Q1. What is the purpose of a database? Q2. What does a database contain? Q3. What is a DBMS, and what does it do? Q4. What is a database application? Q5. What is the difference between an enterprise and a personal DBMS? 3 Q1. What Is the Purpose of a Database? Spreadsheet and database keep track of things Spreadsheets Keep lists of single concept Databases Keep lists that involve multiple themes 4 學生的成績清單 5 將資料庫的學生資料以表單呈現 6 Q2. What is a Database? Self-describing collection of integrated records Hierarchy of data elements Bytes are grouped into columns / fields Columns grouped into rows / records Rows are grouped into tables / files Collection of tables plus relationships among rows Also includes metadata Describes structure of database 7 表格(檔案)Student 的內容 8 資料組成元素的階層關係 9 資料庫的元件 10 Relationships Among Records Values in one table may relate rows to those in other tables Keys Column(s) that identify unique row in table Each table has a key Foreign keys Keys in a different table than the one in which they reside Relational database Databases using tables, keys, and foreign keys 11 Example of Relationships Among Rows Figure 5-6 12 Metadata Databases are self-describing Contain description of its content Metadata Data that describes data Makes databases more useful Makes databases easier to use 13 Access 中詮釋資料的一個例子 14 Ethics Guide: Nobody Said I Shouldn’t Kelly was employed maintaining servers and backing up database Made copy of database to practice with Accessed SQL Server metadata Discovered tables with order data, customers, salespeople Uncovered anomalies: one entry clerk gives a discount to a buyer that no one else was given Mentioned it to clerk Was terminated for accessing database 15 Q3. What is a DBMS and What Does it Do? Database management system (DBMS) Program that creates, process, and administers database Usually licensed from vendors Microsoft, Oracle, MySQL, DB2 DBMS and database are two different things 16 資料庫應用系統的組成元件 17 DBMS (1) DBMS used to create tables, relationships in databases DBMS processes database Applications use DBMS to read, insert, modify, and delete data Structured Query Language (SQL) International standard for processing database 18 在表格中新增一個欄(以 Access 為例) 19 DBMS (2) DBMS provides tools to assist in administration of database Can be used to set up security Used to back up data Add structure to improve performance Remove data 20 Q4. What Is a Database Application? Collection of forms, reports, queries, and application programs that process a database Databases can have more then one application Applications can have multiple users 21 使用多個資料庫應用程式 22 MIS in Use: Dealing with Database Growth (1) Textronix uses Oracle database to store and process financial data 800 concurrent users Rapidly growing database caused performance to decline One solution is to remove data Data still needed Data retention laws compound problems Sarbanes-Oxley SEC Rule 17-A HIPAA 23 MIS in Use (2) Data Archiving Problem for IS technicians Must create data archiving policy Policy must address legal requirements Plan must be created for implementing policy Data about open transactions must not be archived Implement plan before performance problems arise Secure and back up data archive 24 Forms, Reports and Queries Forms Used to read, insert, modify, and delete data Reports Show data in structured context May compute values Queries Means of getting answers from database data 25 學生報表的範例 26 查詢的範例 27 Database Application Programs Forms, reports, and queries work for standard functions Application programs Process logic specific to business need Enables database processing over Internet Serves as intermediary between Web server and database Responds to events Reads, inserts, modifies, deletes data 28 網站伺服器上的四個應用程式 29 Multi-User Processing Common Unique problems Lost-update problem Locking used to coordinate activities of multiple users Creates new set of problems Data conflicts produce inaccurate results 30 Q5. What is the Difference Between an Enterprise and a Personal DBMS? Enterprise DBMS Process large organizational and workgroup databases Support many users Examples: DB2, SQL Server, Oracle Personal DBMS Designed for smaller, simpler database applications Supports fewer than 100 users Examples: Access, dBase, FoxPro, Paradox, R:Base 31 個人資料庫系統 32 Opposing Forces Guide: No, Thanks, I’ll Use a Spreadsheet Databases take time to build Complicated to operate May require use of multiple applications Need IS people to create it and keep it running Will share data that you may not want to expose Spreadsheets may be a better option in some cases 33 How Does the Knowledge in This Chapter Help Dee? She would know what a DBMS is and what roles it can play She would understand the diagram of the role of the DBMS for her blog System is isolated from rest of databases Uses MySQL as part of functionality of her application Was better able to present her plan to IT 34 在柯小姐的網誌中,DBMS 的功能 35