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Chapter 0
Introduction
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Contents
I.
Storing Student Information Problem
II. Using Database
1.
Databases and their Characteristics
2.
Database Examples.
3.
Components of a Database System.
4.
Database Design
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I. Storing Student Information Problem
 A university need store its student information, lists of
classes, student’s grades.
• Each student has the following information: Student Number, Student
Name, Email Address
• A class has Class Number, Name, Term.
• Grade information includes Student Number, Class Number, Grade.
 All information needs to be computerized and stored
logically.
 We need a persistent storage. This storage must also be
reliable.
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II. Using Database
 Database can be used to store information
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II. Using Databases (cont.)
1. Databases and their Characteristics
2. Database Examples
3. Components of a Database System
4. Database Design
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1. Databases and their Characteristics
1.1 Databases store data in tables.
1.2 All databases throughout the world, store instances in
rows and characteristics in columns.
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1.3 A note on Conventions
 Table names in Capital letters.
 Column names in Capital of first letter.
1.4 A Database Has Data and Relationships
1.5 Summary:
Database store data in tables, and they represent the relationships among the rows
of those tables.
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2. Database Examples
 Single-User Database
Applications
 Multiuser Database
Applications
 E-commerce Database
Applications
 Reporting and Data
Mining Database
Applications
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3. Components of a Database System
3.1 Applications
3.2 SQL (Structured Query Language)
3.3 The DBMS (Database Management System)
3.4 Database Applications
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3.1 Applications
are computer programs that users interact with directly.
3.2 SQL (Structured Query Language)
is an internationally recognized standard language that is understood by
all commercial database management system products.
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3.3 The DBMS (Database Management System)
Create, processes, and administers the database. A DBMS is a large of
complicated product and few organizations write their own DBMS
program. Examples: Microsoft, Oracle, IBM, …
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3.4 Database Applications
• Desktop applications:
 Microsoft: Visual Basic, C++, VB.NET, C#.
 Borland: Delphi
 Open Source: Java
• Web applications:
 Microsoft: ASP, ASP.NET
 Open source: PHP, JSP, …
• Web Server:
 IIS (Internet Information Server)
 Apache
• Browser: Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera, Netscape, …
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3.4 Database Applications (cont.)
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4. Database Design
4.1 Database Design from Existing Data
4.2 Database Design from New Systems Development
4.3 Database Design from Redesign
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4.1 Database Design from Existing Data
The first type of database
design involves databases
that are constructed from
existing data
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4.1 Database Design from Existing Data (cont.)
This is an important
decision, and based on
a set of rules known
as normalization
(which is covered in
Chapter Three)
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4.2 Database Design from New Systems Development
The second way that databases are designed is from the development of new
information systems
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4.3 Database Design from Redesign
Database redesign is
covered in Chapter
Eight, after coverage of
SQL in Chapter Seven
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