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Oracle Database 11g Performance Innovations
Juan Loaiza
Senior Vice President, Oracle Corporation
The following is intended to outline our general
product direction. It is intended for information
purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any
contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any
material, code, or functionality, and should not be
relied upon in making purchasing decisions.
The development, release, and timing of any
features or functionality described for Oracle’s
products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.
Agenda
• High-Performance Today
• Offloading and Caching for High
Performance
• High Performance with Large Data
Volumes
• End-to-end Performance Architecture
<Insert Picture Here>
High Performance Today
Database Scaling
SMP Scale-Up
• Very mature
– 20 years of experience
• Many customers with largest SMPs on the
market
– 64 to 256 CPUs
– Sun M9000, HP Superdome, IBM Regatta
• Single System Image
– Easy to manage
– Easy to design applications
• Works great, but high cost
– Eventually hits a wall
• Need at least two for availability
RAC Scale-Out
HR
•
•
•
•
•
Runs all Oracle database applications
Highly available and scalable
No Idle Resources
Single System Image
Thousands of production customers
ERP
Oracle Leads Performance Benchmarks
Benchmark
World Record
Leadership
TPC-C Performance
Oracle
TPC-C Price/Performance
Oracle
TPC-H @ 1,000 GB
Oracle
TPC-H @ 3,000 GB Non-Clustered
Oracle
TPC-H @ 10,000GB Non-Clustered
Oracle
TPC-H @ 30,000 GB
Oracle
SAP Sales and Distribution Parallel
Oracle
SAP Sales and Distribution 2-tier
Oracle
SAP (ATO) Assemble-To-Order
2 and 3 Tier
Oracle
As of October 2, 2009: Source: www.tpc.org & www.sap.com/benchmark.SAP TRBK Standard Application Benchmark: Sun Fire E6900 DB Server (8 1.5 GHz US-IV+ processors, 16 cores, 16 threads, 56 GB memory): 10,012,000 Day posts/hr, 6,664,000 Night bal accs/hr, Solaris 10, Oracle
10g, SAP Account Management 3.0 (64-bit) Cert #2006018.The two-tier SAP Business Information Warehouse 3.5 Standard Application Benchmark suite performed on 2/28/06, by Fujitsu Siemens Computers in Paderborn, Germany, was certified on 3/14/06 with the following data. The
scenario for 32GB main memory which corresponds to 467,200,000 records in fact table was used. Load Phase - Average throughput total step 1+2 (rows/hour): 53,255,652. Query Navigation Steps: 377,280. The software configuration for all steps of the SAP BW Benchmark: Operating
system central server: SUN Solaris 10. RDBMS: Oracle 10g. Platform Release: SAP NetWeaver '04. Configuration: Central server: Fujitsu Primepower 850, 16 processors/16 Cores/16 threads, SPARC64 V, 2.16 GHz, 128 KB (D) + 128 KB(I) L1 cache, 4 MB L2 cache, and 32 GB main
memory, Cert # 2006014.
Best OLTP Performance - TPC-C Record
•
•
•
•
•
12 node Sun T5440 cluster – Sparc T2+
First World Record using Flash Technology
8X less hardware than previous record
16 times better response time
4X Less Power
As of 10/10/2009: 12-Node Sun SPARC Enteprise T5440 server cluster 7,717,510 tmpC, $2.34/tpmC, available 12/14/09
Best Data Warehouse Performance
- World Record 30 TB TPC-H
QphH
150,960
Processors
128 Core
Superdome
Memory
1 Terabyte
Disk Arrays
256 MSA1000’s
Disk Storage
448 TB
Read
Throughput
40 GB/Sec
Oracle
Source: TPC, As of Nov 9, 2007: Oracle Database 10g on HP Superdome Server, 150,960 QphH $46.69/QphH, avail 6/18/07.
Best Business Application Performance
- World Record SAP SD 2-tier Benchmark
First Benchmark on a 256
Core SMP – Sun M9000
39,100
40,000
35,400
35,000
SD Users
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,400
10,000
5,000
0
MSFT
DB2
Oracle
These results, as of October 2, 2009, have been certified by SAP AG, www.sap.com/benchmark. Please see notes page for benchmark certification details for the above results.
The results above we achieved with SAP ERP 6.0 (Non-Univode)SAP ERP 200
Best Business Application Scaling
World Record SAP SD Benchmark Results
5 Node Oracle RAC
IBM P570
40,000
37,040
35,000
4 Node RAC
30,016
SD Users
30,000
3 Node RAC
25,000
22,416
20,000
2 Node RAC
15,520
15,000
10,000
Single Node SMP
4,010
5,000
2,035
0
4
8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80
# of CPU Cores
Near Perfect Scaling across SMP and Cluster
These results, as of October 2, 2009: have been certified by SAP AG, www.sap.com/benchmark. Please see notes page for benchmark certification details for the above results.
Best Business Intelligence Performance
World Record SAP BI Data Mart Benchmark
2 Node RAC
Fujitsu RX300
609,349
Query Navigation Steps/Hour
700,000
600,000
500,000
Single Node SMP
320,363
400,000
300,000
182,112
200,000
100,000
IBM DB2
Oracle
Oracle
0
8
8
16
# of CPU Cores
These results, as of October 2, 2009: , have been certified by SAP AG, www.sap.com/benchmark. Please see notes page for benchmark certification details for the above results.
Best OLTP Price-Performance
Value Leadership Over Microsoft
1.00
0.91
0.84
0.90
0.80
0.68
$/tpmC
0.70
0.60
0.73
0.74
0.60
0.54
0.50
0.40
0.30
Linux
Windows
Linux
HP Intel
0.20
0.10
0.00
Oracle
Oracle
Oracle
Oracle
Oracle
SQL
Server
SQL
Server
As of 10/2/09::HP ProLiant ML350 G6 server, 232,002 tpmC, $0.54USD/tpmC, available May 21, 2009. Dell PowerEdge 2900 Server, 104,492 tpmC $.60USD/tpmC, available 2/20/2009. Dell PowerEdge 2900 97,083 tpmC, .68/tpmC, available 6/16/08. HP ProLiant
ML350G5, 102,454 tpmC, .73/tpmC, available 12/31/07. HP ProLiant ML350G5, 100,926 tpmC, .74/tpmC, available 6/8/07. Microsoft SQL Server on HP ProLiant ML350G5, 82,774, .84/tpmC, available 03/27/07. Dell PowerEdge 2900, 69,564 tpmC, .91/tpmC,
available 3/9/07. Source: Transaction Processing Performance Council (TPC), www.tpc.org
What Oracle Runs
Storage
Example: Oracle Central e-Business DB
Texas
Colorado
Sun E25K 36 CPU
2 Cores/CPU
Total = 288 Cores
4 Node
RAC
Data Guard
76 TB Primary
76 TB Standby
• Worldwide Central E-business database for Fortune 200 company
• ERP, HR, and CRM
– Payroll, orders, contracts, procurement, expense reports, hiring…
• Consolidated 70 separate Applications databases
– Estimated cost savings of over $1B
Oracle Beehive OLTP using Exadata
• Runs Oracle Email, Calendar,
Contacts, Chat, Documents, Web
Conferencing
Each of 3 Configurations:
16 Node RAC Cluster
2 quad-core Intel CPUs per Node
• 16-node production system
– Remote standby, testing system
• 1 PB of disk per system
– 50 SAS cells, 48 SATA cells
– 3 PB of total storage
Infiniband
17 Switches
• Complete Oracle Software Stack
– RAC, Streams, Active Data Guard,
Secure Backup, RMAN, Flashback
Database, ASM, Partitioning
– 2X space saved with compressed
SecureFiles
98 HP Exadata Storage Cells
1 PB Raw Storage
Offloading and Caching for
High Performance
Database, Client, Remote
<Insert Picture Here>
Server SQL Results Cache
• Database caches results of queries, sub-queries, or pl/sql
function calls
–
•
•
•
•
Cache is shared across statements and sessions on server
– Full consistency and proper semantics
2x speedup on hit for worst case of trivial query
100x speedup on hit for complex queries
Statement hints specify caching - /*+ result_cache +*/
Only for very read intensive tables
In-Memory Parallel Execution
QphH: 1 TB TPC-H
1,166,976
• Database release 11.2 introduces parallel
query processing on memory cached data
1,018,321
– Queries run from tables in database buffer cache
– Harnesses memory capacity of entire database
cluster for queries
– Foundation for world record 1TB TPC-H
315,842
ParAccel
Exasol
Oracle & HP
Exadata
Faster than specialized inmemory warehouse databases
Memory has 100x more bandwidth than Disk
Source: Transaction Processing Council, as of 9/14/2009:
Oracle on HP Bladesystem c-Class 128P RAC, 1,166,976 QphH@1000GB, $5.42/QphH@1000GB, available 12/1/09.
Exasol on PRIMERGY RX300 S4, 1,018,321 QphH@1000GB, $1.18/QphH@1000GB, available 08/01/08.
ParAccel on SunFire X4100 315,842 QphH@1000GB, $4.57 /QphH@1000GB, available 10/29/07.
Database Smart Flash Cache
• Database Smart Flash Cache
transparently extends buffer
cache
Buffer Cache
Many
I/O’s
Enterprise Storage
Multiple Cabinets
Buffer Cache
Few
I/O’s
Database
Smart •
Flash Cache
Mid-Range Storage
Few Shelves
– 10x Larger
– Uses flash disks or cards in
database host
– Cache eliminates most I/Os
– Available on Solaris and OEL
Benefits
–
–
–
–
–
–
Fewer disks needed
Less powerful array needed
Better response time
Big jobs run faster
Lower Power
High ROI
Oracle is the First Flash Optimized Database
OCI Consistent Client Cache
Application Server
Database
Consistent
Caching
Simplest Queries can speedup:
• 50x in elapsed time
• 20x in CPU time
• Caches query results on client
• Primarily for caching small (10s or 100s of KB) read-intensive tables
–
–
Queries where network overhead dominates
e.g. lookup tables
• Cache is fully consistent
– Coherence messages bundled into responses to DB calls ensure
cache remain consistent
– Like Cache Fusion extended out to clients
In-Memory Database Cache Grid – TimesTen
Scaling with Business Growth
On-demand loading of
cached data and
redistribution based
on usage
High availability
Transactional
consistency
Peer-to-peer
communication
between grid
nodes
Application
In-Memory
Database
Cache
Application
Application
In-Memory
Database
Cache
In-Memory
Database
Cache
Incremental
scalability
Application
Application
In-Memory
Database
Cache
In-Memory
Database
Cache
Microseconds
Lightning Fast Response Time
Runs In-Application
16
14
14
millionths
of
a second
12
10
8
6
4
4
millionths
of
a second
2
0
Read a Record
Update Transaction
Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database 11g - Intel Xeon 3.0 Ghz 64-bit Oracle Enterprise Linux
Active Data Guard Query Offload
• Users want to performance protect their production DBs
– Active Data Guard offloads high risk reporting & backup from OLTP
• Current approaches – Physical Copy Reporting DB (e.g. split mirror)
• Solution is simple but data is stale (day old)
– Logical Replica Reporting DB (e.g. replication)
• Replication provides real-time updates but is complex
Simple
• Active Data Guard enables a unique real-time solution
– Reporting using physical standby technology
– Real-time, simple, and fast – also provides DR
Continuous Redo
Shipment and Apply
Production
Database
RealTime
Concurrent
Real-time
Query
Queries
Reporting
Database
Web Scale Highly Available Reader Farm
Reporting, web content browsing
• Reader farm implemented
using Active Data Guard
–
–
–
–
Reader
Databases
Updates
Scale-out read queries
Isolate faults to each DB
High performance
Supports all types & DDL
• Automatic, zero loss failover
Redo Shipping
Redo Shipping
Primary
Database
Designated Fast-Start
Failover DB
– Readers follow automatically
• RAC can scale-out updater,
or centralize storage of
readers
High-Performance with
Large Data Volumes
<Insert Picture Here>
Data Growth Challenges
• IT must support exponentially
growing amounts of data
– With improved performance
– With lower cost
• Powerful and efficient
compression is key
Advanced OLTP Compression
• Compress large application tables
– Transaction processing, data warehousing
– Transparent to application
• Compress all data types
– Structured and unstructured data types
• Improve query performance
– Cascade storage savings throughout data center
Up To
4X
Compression
Real World Compression Results
- ERP Database 10 Largest Tables
Storage Utilization
Table Scan Performance
2500
0.4
2.5x Faster
2000
3x Smaller
0.3
1500
0.2
1000
0.1
500
DML Performance
0
40
30
20
10
0
Less than
3% Overhead
0
Exadata Hybrid Columnar Compression
Two Modes
Warehouse Compression
• 10x average storage savings
• 10x reduction in Scan IO
Archive Compression
• 15x average storage savings
– Up to 50x on some data
• Some access overhead
• For cold or historical data
Optimized for Speed
Optimized for Space
Smaller Warehouse
Faster Performance
Reclaim 93% of Disks
Keep Data Online
Can mix OLTP and Hybrid Columnar Compression by partition for ILM
Real-World Compression Ratios
Oracle Production E-Business Suite Tables
Size Reduction Factor by Table
52
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
OLTP Compression (avg=3.3)
43
Query Compression (avg=14.6)
Archive Compression (avg=22.6)
10
10
10
11
29
16
19
19
19
20
21
• Columnar compression ratios
• Query = 14.6X
• Archive = 22.6X
• Vary by application and table
© 2009 Oracle Corporationl
31
Files in the Database Reinvented
• Best of Both Worlds
• File Capabilities
–
–
–
–
–
–
File System Interface
High Performance
Compression
Encryption
Deduplication
HSM
• Database Capabilities
– Transactions
– Query Consistency
– Advanced Backup
and Recovery
– Powerful Security
– Flashback
– Scale up SMPs
– Scale out Clusters
• Files are an integral part of modern database applications
– Product images, contracts, XML, ETL files, manuals, etc.
• Applications developers want to store business data files
in the database to benefit from transactional consistency,
and unify HA and Security
– Poor performance, limited functionality, and lack of access by
existing file based tools have held them back
• Oracle Database 11g reinvents files in the database
• SecureFiles provides super fast and powerful file storage
– Removes performance barrier to storing files in the database
• DBFS provides a file system interface to files in the DB
– Enables existing file based tools to easily access DB files
SecureFiles Performance
• Performance compared to Linux FS
– Tests run using both SecureFiles and ext3 in metadata
journaling only, no network
File Reads
File Writes
(MB/second)
(MB/second)
SecureFiles
100
80
60
40
20
0
Linux
Files
LOBs
0.01
0.10
1
File Size
(MB)
10
100
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
SecureFiles
Linux Files
LOBs
0.01
0.10
1
10
File Size (MB)
100
Database File System - DBFS
• Shared Linux file system
– Shared storage for ETL staging, scripts, reports and other
application files
• Files stored as SecureFiles in database tables
– Protected like any DB data – mirroring, DataGuard, Flashback, etc.
• 5 to 7 GB/sec file system I/O throughput on Database Machine
• Example use case:
Load into database
using External Tables
ETL Files in DBFS
ETL
More File Throughput than High-End NAS Filer
End-to-end Performance
Architecture
Sun Oracle Database Machine
• Grid is the architecture of the future
• Highest performance, lowest cost, fault tolerant, scalable on demand
• Database Machine is an engineered, optimized, standardized, and
tested grid for Oracle database – with intelligent storage
Oracle Database Server Grid
• 8 compute servers
• 64 Intel Cores
• 576 GB DRAM
InfiniBand Network
• 40 Gb/sec unified server and
storage network
• Fault Tolerant
© 2009 Oracle Corporation
Exadata Storage Server Grid
• 14 storage servers
• 100 TB or 336 TB Disk Storage
• 5TB flash storage!
• Offload queries into storage
36
Scale Performance and Capacity
• Scalable
– Scales to 8 rack database machine
by just adding wires
• More with external
InfiniBand switches
– Scales to hundreds of storage servers
• Multi-petabyte databases
• Redundant and Fault
Tolerant
– Failure of any component
is tolerated
– Data is mirrored across
storage servers
Exadata Database Offload to Storage
• Exadata storage servers implement data intensive
processing in storage
New
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Row filtering based on “where” predicate
Column filtering
Join filtering
Incremental backup filtering
Storage Indexing
Scans on encrypted data
Data Mining model scoring
• 10x reduction in data sent to DB servers
is common
• No application changes needed
– Processing is automatic and transparent
– Even if cell or disk fails during a query
© 2009 Oracle Corporation
38
Exadata Smart Flash Cache
• Smart Flash Cache holds hot data
– Not just simple LRU
• Knows when to avoid caching to
avoid flushing cache
– Allows optimization by application
table
• Performance of Flash combined
with Cost of Disk
Oracle is the First Flash
Optimized Database
Flash Cache for Scans
* Note: This compares uncompressed data. Oracle’s
• Flash storage more than
doubles scan throughput
– 50 GB/sec
• Combined with Hybrid
Columnar Compression
– Up to 50 TB of data fits
in flash
– Queries on compressed
data run up to 500
GB/sec
GB/Second (uncompressed)
advantage is much greater than this with
compressed data.
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
50
Flash
2x – 5x
better
throughput*
21
Disk
7.5
Disk
10
Disk
TERADATA NETEZZA
2550
TwinFin 12
SUN ORACLE
Database Machine
Flash Cache for Random I/O
• Database Machine achieves:
• 20x more random I/Os
– Over 1 million per second
• 10x better I/O response time
– Sub-millisecond
• Greatly Reduced Cost
5X More I/Os than
1000 Disk Enterprise
Storage Array
– 10x fewer disks needed for I/O
– Lower Power
Sun Oracle Database Machine
Extreme Performance for all Data Management
• Best for Data Warehousing
– Parallel query on memory or Flash at more than 50 GB/sec
– 10x compressed tables with storage offload
• Best for OLTP
–
–
–
–
Only database that scales real-world applications on grid
Smart flash cache provides 1 million I/Os per second
Up to 50x compression for archival data
Secure, fault tolerant
• Best for Database Consolidation
– Only database machine that runs and scales all workloads
– Predictable response times in multi-database, multiapplication, multi-user environments
Oracle is Ready for the Future
• High-Performance Today
• Offloading and Caching for High
Performance
• High Performance with Large Data
Volumes
• End-to-end Performance Architecture
Exadata Sessions
Date
Time
Room
Session Title
Mon
10/12
5:30
PM
Moscone South
307
S311436 - Implement Best Practices for Extreme Performance with Oracle Data Warehouses.
Tue
10/13
11:30
AM
Moscone South
307
S311385 - Extreme Backup and Recovery on the Oracle Database Machine.
Tue
10/13
1:00
PM
Moscone South
307
S311437 - Achieve Extreme Performance with Oracle Exadata and Oracle Database Machine.
Tue
10/13
1:00
PM
Moscone South
Room 102
S311358 - Oracle's Hybrid Columnar Compression: The Next-Generation Compression
Technology
Tue
10/13
2:30
PM
Moscone South
102
S311386 - Customer Panel 1: Exadata Storage and Oracle Database Machine Deployments.
Tue
10/13
4:00
PM
Moscone South
102
S311387 - Top 10 Lessons Learned Implementing Oracle and Oracle Database Machine.
Tue
10/13
5:30
PM
Moscone South
102
S307963 - Oracle Database Machine and Exadata Best Practices and Customer Considerations.
Tue
10/13
5:30
PM
Moscone South
Room 104
S311239 - The Terabyte Hour with the Real-World Performance Group
Tue
10/13
5:30
PM
Moscone South
252
S310048 - Oracle Beehive and Oracle Exadata: The Perfect Match.
Wed
10/14
4:00
PM
Moscone South
102
S311387 - Top 10 Lessons Learned Implementing Oracle and Oracle Database Machine.
Wed
10/14
5:00
PM
Moscone South
104
S311383 - Next-Generation Oracle Exadata and Oracle Database Machine: The
Thu
10/15
12:00
PM
Moscone South
307
S311511 - Technical Deep Dive: Next-Generation Oracle Exadata Storage Server and Oracle
Database Machine
Future Is Now.