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Download AIR 2004 Presentation - Kennesaw State University
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Transcript
Embracing the Value of XML in Institutional Research Jim Few Center for Institutional Effectiveness Kennesaw State University http://ie.kennesaw.edu Association for Institutional Research 2005 Forum San Diego, CA Agenda What is XML? Why should you care? What should you know? How can you use XML? What is XML? The eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is a nonproprietary standard that provides a format for describing structured data. XML was designed to describe, store, carry, and exchange data in a unified manner. XML provides the ability to liberate data from proprietary data silos. XML separates data from presentation. W3C: http://www.w3schools.com/xml/xml_whatis.asp What XML is Not A replacement for HTML A replacement for relational databases A programming language (e.g. Java, C++, VB) Terse A panacea Text File Format ID Lname Mname Fname Gender 83492 Clark F Betty F 89430 Bhatt Soham M 94032 Jones T John M 48392 Klein R Kim F XML Format Why Should You Care? Standard (Non-proprietary) Extensible Flexible Easy to share Web-friendly Separates data from presentation Far richer than flat text files Makes the structure of the document trivial, leaving the implementation and dialect up to you What Should You Know? XML syntax is strict XML documents provide a self-describing syntax All XML elements must have a closing tag XML tags are case sensitive All XML elements must be properly nested All XML documents must have a root element W3C: http://www.w3schools.com/xml/xml_syntax.asp Who Supports XML? Microsoft IBM Oracle Sun Microsystems BEA SAS Adobe Business Objects W3C Computer Associates SAP PeopleSoft Anyone who is a player in the computing world Data Silos Oracle MS Excel PDF Crystal MS Word MS Access HTML XML Facilitates Data Sharing Oracle MS Excel SQL Server MS Word DB2 XML Dreamweaver Crystal MS Access Text Versus XML Student Record <Student> <LName>Roberts</LName> Nick Roberts <FName>Nick</FName> 0001462395 <ID>0001462395</ID> 143 Main St <Street>143 Main St</Street> Clemson, SC <City>Clemson</City> 29634 <State>SC</State> 26 <ZipCode>29634</ZipCode> 3.4 <Age>26</Age> 3.8 <GPACumulative>3.4</GPACumulative> <GPATerm200508>3.8</GPATerm200508> </Student> HTML Versus XML <b>Student Record</b> <Student> <br> <LName>Roberts</LName> <br> <FName>Nick</FName> Nick Roberts<br> <ID>0001462395</ID> 0001462395<br> <Street>143 Main St</Street> 143 Main St<br> <City>Clemson</City> Clemson, SC <br> <State>SC</State> 29634<br> <ZipCode>29634</ZipCode> 26 <Age>26</Age> </Student> What is XML Schema? An XML schema defines: Elements that can appear in a document Attributes that can appear in a document Which elements are child elements The order of child elements The number of child elements Whether an element can be null or must include data Data types for elements and attributes Default and fixed values for elements and attributes W3C: http://www.w3schools.com/schema/schema_why.asp So, What is XML Schema? A schema describes the structure of an XML document using XML An XML schema manages the expectations of those sharing an XML document A schema enforces business constraints and ensures data validation For example, we can create a standard definition for social security number (data type is string, format=###-##-####, required field, etc.). W3C: http://www.w3schools.com/schema/schema_intro.asp XML Schema Example What is XSL? XSL stands for eXtensible Stylesheet Language Think of XSL as a set of languages that can: Transform XML into XHTML Filter and sort XML data Format XML data based on the data value (e.g. displaying negative numbers in red) Output XML data to different media (e.g. web browsers, screens, print, or voice) W3C: http://www.w3schools.com/xsl/xsl_languages.asp XSL Example <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <body> <strong>Student Record</strong> <br /> <br /> <xsl:value-of select="Student/FName" /> <xsl:value-of select="Student/LName" /> <br /> <xsl:value-of select="Student/Street" /> <br /> <xsl:value-of select="Student/City" />, <xsl:value-of select="Student/State" /> <xsl:value-of select="Student/ZipCode" /> <br /> <xsl:value-of select="Student/Age" /> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> How Can You Use XML? Share data across disparate applications, platforms and networks Abstract periodic data structure changes Single data source satisfies multiple uses Aggregate data from multiple sources into one file Render data from complex queries without latency Snapshot/Census data captures Shift database hit to off-peak times Manage security concerns Impress those reading your resume XML Workflows Database XML Document Schema Validation Stylesheet Transformation XML Application Database XML Document Print Document Web Browser XML Workflow Example XML Generator XML Document Database ASP.NET XSL Stylesheet Web Browser Multiple Data Sources Oracle DB2 XML SQL Server MS Access The End Questions? Comments? Thank You [email protected] Center for Institutional Effectiveness Kennesaw State University http://ie.kennesaw.edu Thanks to Nick Roberts for being a dear friend, professional colleague, and valuable contributor to this presentation. Thanks to Randy Hinds for the use of his PowerPoint graphics.
