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PHP & MYSQL Programming Lafin Hari Prayudhi 200893279 Introduction • PHP is a scripting language originally designed for producing Dynamic Web pages. It has evolved to include a – command line interface capability – Standalone Graphical Applications • PHP is a widely-used general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web developm ent and can be embedded into HTML • Generally runs on a Web Server; – Taking PHP code as its input – Creating web pages as output. • Can be deployed on most web servers and on almo st every OS and platform free of charge. PHP 5 Basic Language Introduction Perl,java Shell PHP Borrows a bit of its syntax from other languages, •Taking the best feature from other languages. •Creating an easy –to-use Powerful scripting languages HTML Embedding. C, C++ PHP Features PHP have Features : HTTP authentication with PHP Cookies Sessions Dealing with XForms Handling file uploads POST method uploads Error Messages Explained Common Pitfalls Uploading multiple files PUT method support Using remote files Connection handling Persistent Database Connections Safe Mode Security and Safe Mode Functions restricted/disabled by safe mode Using PHP from the command line Free software released under the PHP License. Release History Major Minor Version Version Release date Note 1.0 1.0.0 1995-06-08 Officially called "Personal Home Page Tools (PHP Tools)". This is the first use of the name "PHP". Rasmus Lerdorf 2.0 2.0.0 1996-04-16 Considered by its creator as the "fastest and simplest tool" for creating dynamic web pages. 3.0 3.0.0 1998-06-06 Development moves from one person to multiple developers. Zeev Suraski and Andi Gutmans rewrite the base for this version. 4.0.0 2000-05-22 Added more advanced two-stage parse/execute tag-parsing system called the Zend engine. 4.1.0 2001-12-10 Introduced 'superglobals' ($_GET, $_POST, $_SESSION, etc.) 4.2.0 2002-04-22 Disabled register_globals by default. Data received over the network i s not inserted directly into the global namespace anymore, closing po ssible security holes in applications. 4.3.0 2002-12-27 Introduced the CLI, in addition to the CGI. 4.4.0 2005-07-11 Added man pages for phpize and php-config scripts. 4.4.8 2008-01-03 Several security enhancements and bug fixes. Was to be the end of lif e release for PHP 4. Security updates only until 2008-08-08, if necessa ry. 4.4.9 2008-08-07 More security enhancements and bug fixes. The last release of the PH P 4.4 series. 4.0 Release History (continue) Major Minor Version Version 5.0 6.0 Release date Note 5.0.0 2004-07-13 Zend Engine II with a new object model. 5.1.0 2005-11-24 Performance improvements with introduction of compiler variables in re-engineered PHP Engine. 5.2.0 2006-11-02 Enabled the filter extension by default. 5.2.8 2008-12-08 Emergent bug fix. 5.2.9 2009-02-26 Bug and security fixes 5.3.0 Second quarter of 2009 Namespace support; Late static bindings, Jump label (limited goto), Native closures, Native PHP archives (phar), Garbage collection improvements, Persistent connections with mysqli, sqlite3, file info as a replacement for mime_magic for better MIME support, Ternary shortcut and Internationalization extension 6.0.0 No date set Unicode support; removal of ereg extension, 'register_globals', 'ma gic_quotes' and 'safe_mode'; Alternative PHP Cache Old Release; not supported Current Release Old Release; still supported Future Release How The Web Server Processes PHP files PHP opening tag (<?) PHP File (*.php) Scanning in Switches HTML into PHP Mode mode Send Out put to Br owser Only if any output Return to HTML mode PHP closing tag (?>) Example PHP program <html> <head><title>Hello World program</title></head> <body> <?php echo "<p>Hello World!, testing PHP program at database class " ?> </body> </html> Result of hello.php Variables • A Variables in PHP don’t need to; – Declare variables before using them. – Declare type. • A variable can change the type of its value as much as we want. • Variable in PHP preceded with: $ Example Variable expression Data type integer, floating point, string, etc, have same declaration: – $PI=3.14; – $radius=5; – $name= “John”; Example Math1.php <html> <head><title> Variables Expression</title></head> <body> <?php $PI=3.14; $radius=5; $circumference=$PI*2*$radius; echo "<p> Circumference with Radius = $radius is $circumference"; ?> </body> </html> Result of math1.php Superglobals • PHP does not support global variables. However, certain special internal variables behave like global variables similar to other languages. These variables are called superglobals. Some examples are ; $_GET[]. An array that includes all the GET variables that PHP received from the client browser. $_POST[]. An array that includes all the POST variables that PHP received from the client browser. $_COOKIE[]. An array that includes all the cookies that PHP received from the client browser. $_ENV[]. An array with the environment variables. $_SERVER[]. An array with the values of the web-server variables. Comments in PHP • We can write comments three different ways: C way /* This is a C like comment * which can span multiple * lines until the closing tags */ C++ way // This is a C++ like comment which ends at the end of the line Shell way # This is a shell like comment which ends at the end of the line PHP/MYSQL Function • Built-in PHP functions to interact with MySQL. These functions : Connect to the MySQL server, Select the correct database, Send SQL queries, Perform other communication with MySQL databases. • You only need to know how to use the functions. Making a Connection • The first step in communicating with your MySQL database is connecting to the MySQL server, need; – The Host, where the database is located. – The User, name of MySQL account. – Password. $connection=mysql_connect(“Host”,”User”,”password”) or die (“message”); Example connect.php <html> <head><title>Connection to MySQL Example</title></head> <body> <?php $host="localhost"; $user=@$_GET['user']; $password="secret2"; echo "user $user is currently trying to connect to database<br>"; /* Section that executes query */ if(!$connect = mysql_connect($host,$user,$password)) { $message=mysql_error(); echo "$message<br>"; die(); } else { echo " Connection MySQL Server Success <br>"; mysql_close($connect); die(); } ?> </body></html> Result Connect.php Selecting the right database • Use the mysql_select_db function as follows: $db = mysql_select_db(“databasename”,$connectionname) or die (“message”); Select database example <html> <head><title>Select Database Example</title></head> <body> <?php $host="localhost"; $user="Lafin"; $password="secret2"; /* Section that executes query */ if(!$connect = mysql_connect($host,$user,$password)) { $message=mysql_error(); echo "$message<br>"; die(); } else { echo " Connection MySQL Server Success <br>"; $database="test2"; $db=mysql_select_db($database,$connect) or die ("Couldn't select database."); mysql_close($connect); } ?> </body></html> Result select_database.php Sending SQL queries • The query is a request to the MySQL server to store some data, update some data, or retrieve some data. • Put the SQL query into a variable and send it to the MySQL server by using the function mysql_query: $query = “SELECT * FROM employee”; $result = mysql_query($query) or die (“Couldn’t execute query.”); Getting one row of data • To move the data from its temporary location and put it into variables that we can use in our program, we use the PHP function mysql_fetch_array. • $row = mysql_fetch_array($result,typeofarray); Example code for send queries and take raw of data <html> <head><title>Sending SQL Query Example</title></head> <body> <?php $user="Lafin“; $host="localhost“; $password="secret2“; $database = "test2"; $connection = mysql_connect($host,$user,$password) or die ("couldn't connect to server"); $db = mysql_select_db($database,$connection) or die ("Couldn't select database"); $Fname = "John"; //First name was typed in a form by user $query = "SELECT * FROM employee WHERE Fname='$Fname'"; $result = mysql_query($query) or die ("Couldn't execute query."); /* Display results in a table */ echo "<h1>$Fname</h1>"; echo "<table cellspacing='15'>"; echo "<tr><td colspan='3'><hr></td></tr>"; while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { extract($row); $Serial = number_format($SSN,0); echo "<tr>\n <td>$Fname</td>\n <td>$MINIT</td>\n <td>$LNAME</td>\n <td align='right'> $SSN</td>\n </tr>\n"; echo "<tr><td colspan='3'><hr></td></tr>\n"; } echo "</table>\n"; ?> </body></html> Result Queries & Raw data Getting information from the user • Many applications are designed to ask questions that users answer by typing information. Sometimes the information is stored in a database, or is used in conditional statements to deliver an individual Web page. Some of the most common application tasks that require users to answer questions are – – – – Online ordering Registering Logging in Viewing selected information Conclusion MySQL and PHP have become the “bread and butter” of web dynamic application builders. It is the combination are most likely to encounter today and probably for the years to come. Can be deployed on most web servers an d on almost every OS and platform free o f charge. Thank You