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Oracle on Linux
Northwest Chicagoland Linux Users Group
at Harper College
July 2, 2002
Robert Stackowiak
Sr. Director, E-Business Intelligence
Enterprise Technology Center
Oracle Corporation
email: [email protected]
Agenda
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Brief Oracle background
Oracle - Dell - Red Hat
Oracle database on Linux
Oracle Real Application Clusters
Where to find more information
Oracle Corporation
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$11 Billion Revenue
250,000 Customers
145 Countries
40,000+ Employees
Oracle9i Products
 9i Database
 9i Application Server
(Oracle9iAS)
 9i Developer Suite
(Oracle9iDS)
Key Development Focus Areas for
Oracle9i
Development
Platform
Scalability &
Performance
Internet Content
Management
B2C and B2B
eBusiness
Availability
Packaged
Applications
Manageability
Security
Business
Intelligence
Oracle9i Release 2
New Features
 Oracle9iDB Release 2
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XML DB – Native XML
database functionality
Cluster File System –
simplified cluster computing on
Windows and Linux
Data Guard – Standby
Database always available for
reporting, back-up, ad-hoc
query
Complete and Integrated
OLAP – scalable analytics
where the data lives
Table Compression – cut
data warehouse disk space
requirements by 50%
 Oracle9iAS Release 2
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Clustering – High availability
and load balancing
Web Services Enabled – with
support for SOAP 1.1, WSDL
1.0, and UDDI 2.0
J2EE 1.3 support – the
fastest and most complete
Java platform
Zero Planned Downtime –
complete online maintenance
Oracle9i Application Server
Architecture
Oracle9iAS Release 2 New Features
HTTP Server
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Integration: OC4J, OEM, SSO
Proxy Plug-In
High Availability
Java Object Cache
Diagnostic Logging
OC4J
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J2EE 1.3
Stack Integration
3rd Party: JMS, JDBC,
OR-Mapping
Manageability
Web Services
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J2EE/PLSQL
WSDL Generation
UDDI, SOAP 2.0
EAR file deployment
Stream Processing
BC4J
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9iDB Support
Web Services Support
Forms
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Listener Servlet, SSO
Remote Debugging
Java Importer, Java API
Internationalization
Portal
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New Builder
New Component Portlets
Integration: Wireless
Performance & Scalability
Wireless
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Push & SMS,
PIM & Email
SDK
Advanced Customization
Web Cache
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Clustering, Partitioning
Multiple Virtual Hosts
XSLT Support
Validation-based caching
ESI Language & Portal Extensions
Oracle9i File System
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Portlet
Integration: Wireless, Web Cache, OEM
InterConnect
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Application & Technology Adapters
Unified Messaging
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SMPT Server & Authentication
Voice Mail, SMS Notification
Local Delivery Rules Engine
Web Calendar, Resource Scheduler
Discoverer
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Portlets, Scheduling
Aggregation enhancements
Connection Management
Integration: Web Cache, Reports
Reports
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Pluggable Notifications, Engines &
Data Sources
Event based publishing
Enhanced Bursting
Integration: Portal
Personalization
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Stack Integration
Clickstream Intelligence
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Brand New
Internet Directory
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User Authentication via SSO, OID
Delegated and Self Admin
Single, central user definition
OEM
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Lightweight HTML Admin UI
User Administration
End-to-end 9iAS Admin & Monitoring
OC4J monitoring, deployment &
configuration
Oracle E-Business Suite
Marketing
Supply Chain
Sales
Procurement
Customers,
Products,
& Everything
Else!
HR
Financials
Service
Order
Management
Oracle on Linux Recent Certifications
 Oracle9i release 2 RDBMS
 Oracle9iAS release 2
 Oracle 11i Applications 11.5.7
All certified on:
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Red Hat 2.1 Advanced Server
SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 7
Oracle9i Database: Most Popular on Linux
Progress Other
1.4%
Informix
4.1%
8.4%
IBM
17.3%
Oracle9i
46.4%
Linux
database
market to
grow from
$63.9 million
in 2001 to
$5.1 billion by
2006,
IDC, eWeek
6/10/2002
Open Source
Ingres/Postgres
22.5%
Source: IDC, October 2001
Editor’s Choice Award
April, 2002
Survey of Linux Developers
Which Application Server do you most commonly use?
Linux Developer Survey Vol. 1, 2002,
Evans Data Corp.
25
20
Percent of 15
Programmers 10
5
0
IBM
BEA
Oracle
ColdFusion
Jrun
iPlanet
Borland
Other
Oracle – Dell – Red Hat
 “Dell has worked extensively with Oracle to
deliver the first Oracle9i Database Certified
Configuration running Red Hat Linux and the
first Oracle clustering certification on Dell /
EMC storage”
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Dell press release, 4/29/2002
Oracle Direct Support
June 5, 2002
 Oracle provides direct support for Red Hat
Linux Advanced Server
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First and only operating system that Oracle
supports directly
Typical Customer Quotes in the
Press
 “(In the past,) no one could point to a version of
Linux with Enterprise support…. With Oracle
supporting it, that is a huge advantage.”
–
David Brown, Sr. Emerging Technologies Architect,
Vector SCM, eWeek 6/10/2002
 The Linux-on-Intel combination should give
businesses a lower-cost alternative to running
Oracle on Unix systems
–
Bernard Havlik, IT director of Menasha Corp.,
(InformationWeek, 6/10/2002).
Typical Reactions by Analysts
 Gartner Group
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"None of the other databases Linux supports have the shared,
concurrent scaling potential of Oracle9i RAC."
 Meta Group
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Senior Analyst Mark Shinman said: “…customers running
Oracle9i Database on Red Hat Linux only have to work with one
vendor to receive support, such as bug fixes and patches. This
is actually giving some validity for Linux in the enterprise."
 Giga Information Group
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Analyst Stacey Quant said: "The potential price-performance
with Oracle on Red Hat will be much more preferable over
(Microsoft)."
Oracle Using Linux Extensively
 Oracle plans to deploy all Oracle9iAS used
internally on Linux by the end of 2003.
–
Larry Ellison, June 2002
Oracle9i RDBMS Background
Continuous Performance Innovation
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Cost-based optimizer (Oracle7)
64-bit SMP and NUMA support (Oracle7)
Static bit-map indexing (Oracle7)
Parallel bit-mapped star joins (Oracle8)
Materialized Views (Oracle8i)
Real Application Clusters (Oracle9i)
Dynamic run-time memory allocation (Oracle9i)
OLAP Services (Oracle9i)
ETL enablement features (Oracle9i)
Oracle9i RDBMS Background
Continuous Management Innovation
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Oracle Enterprise Manager (Oracle7)
Oracle Parallel Server high availability (Oracle7)
Range (Oracle8), Composite Partitioning (Oracle8i)
Adaptive Degree of Parallelism (Oracle8i)
Resource Manager: CPU (Oracle8i)
List Partitioning (Oracle9i)
Resource Manager: query governor, automatic queuing,
reprioritization (Oracle9i)
 Memory allocation at query time (Oracle9i)
 Row level label security (Oracle9i)
 Table compression (Oracle9i)
Oracle RDBMS on Linux Architecture
 Process based
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Background tasks include
database writers, log writer,
process monitors
Foreground tasks include
incoming client connections
Each process gets own memory
 8 TB of address space on
64-bit systems
 Linux filesystem (ext2) & raw file
support
 64-bit I/O support
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Maximum database file size 64
GB
Maximum database with 16KB
blocks is 4 petabytes
SGA
USER
DBWR SMON PMON RECO LGWR ARCH
Database
File(s)
Log Files
Oracle & Red Hat Performance &
Scalability Enhancements
 I/O Subsystem
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Asynchronous I/O in Linux kernel enabling
thousands of simultaneous I/O requests with a
single call
Eliminated multiple copies of memory buffers
while writing to disk
Reduced contention for kernel locks
 Spin locks for fine-grained locking
Oracle & Red Hat Performance &
Scalability Enhancements
 Virtual Memory Subsystem
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Linux kernel capacity limits increased tenfold on Intel 32bit platforms
 Red Hat Advanced Server 2.1 smp kernel supports 4
GB RAM; enterprise kernel supports 64 GB RAM
 Enables larger SGA up to 62 GB, more data cached
Configurable process mapped base and Page Table
Entries (PTEs) in the highmem and bigpages features
 Future 64-bit Linux Support on Itanium 2
Oracle & Red Hat Reliability &
Manageability Enhancements
 Kernel “breakpoints” identified
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Enhancements to I/O, memory management, networking,
process scheduling to improve stability under high loads
 Improved tools
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Oracle “lsraid” utility for RAID storage management
Additional Red Hat crash dump analysis and bug
resolution tools
Future Cluster File System from Oracle
Linux Cluster Strategy
 Faster Software
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Run Database on Clusters of Linux Computers
 Faster Computer
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More Processors – 2x16 or 8x4
Faster Processors – 4 @ 900 MHz
 Linux Operating System
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Red Hat Linux Advanced Server
 No Single Point of Failure
 Lowest Cost
Oracle9i Cluster Reliability
 No Single Point Of Failure
 More Reliable
Clustered
Web Caches
Clustered
Web Servers
Clustered
J2EE Servers
Clustered
Database
Linux
Linux
Linux
Linux
Oracle9iAS
Oracle9iAS
Oracle9iAS
Oracle9iDB
Oracle9i RAC
No Single Point of Failure
 Real Application Clusters
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Exploits clusters for very high availability
Overcomes the limitations of traditional failover
solutions by providing:
 Concurrent processing
 Load Balancing
 Fast time to recovery
 No single point of failure
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Network, Storage
CPU, OS
Real Application Clusters Manageability
 Single system Image
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Single Oracle Database
One virtual system to configure and manage
Single management console
 Cluster-wide monitoring and diagnostics
Oracle9i RAC Cost Savings
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Groups of low cost computers
Lower cost Linux
Failover computer isn’t idle
System availability 24 hours a day
regardless of human presence
RAC Runs Real Applications
 Real Application Clustering is Real
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SAP Certification
600 Customers
 Real Application Clustering is Economical
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Red Hat Linux
Intel IA32 & IA64
 Real Application Clustering is Committed to Linux
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Major kernel enhancements to Red Hat Advanced Server
Cluster File System contributed to Open Source
Database Cluster Types
 Shared Disk
Runs Real Applications
– Oracle9iDB
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IBM DB2 for Mainframes
All
Data
 Shared Nothing and Federated
– Limited Use
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IBM DB2 UNIX & Windows
Microsoft SQL Server
Data
Data
Data
Data
Subset Subset Subset Subset
Real Application Clusters
Architecture
Centralized
Management
Console
High Speed
Switch or
Interconnect
Network
Low Latency Interconnect
VIA or Proprietary
Users
No Single
Point Of Failure
Clustered
Database Servers
Hub or
Switch
Fabric
Mirrored Disk
Subsystem
Storage Area Network
Drive and Exploit
Industry Advances in
Clustering
Out-of-the-Box Transparent
Application Scalability
 In the past clustered databases scaled well
for specific types of applications
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Data Warehouse
Parallel-enabled OLTP
 Oracle Real Application Clusters with Cache
Fusion is a breakthrough in parallel
database technology delivering transparent
scalability to all types of applications
Oracle9i Cache Fusion Architecture
 Full Cache Fusion
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Cache-to-cache data
shipping
Shared cache
eliminates
slow I/O
Enhanced IPC
 Allows flexible
and transparent
deployment
Users
Cache Fusion Manages
Inter Instance Block Requests
 Readers and writers
accessing instance A
gain access to blocks
in instance B’s buffer
cache
 All types of block
contention and access
 Coordination by Global
Cache Service &
Global Enqueue
Service
Request
for Block
Cache A
Lock Status
Block in
Cache B
Read
Read
Write
Write
Read
Write
Read
Write
Benefits of Cache Fusion
Without Cache Fusion
100
Block
access
time
(milliseconds)
20
1
0.01
With
Cache
Fusion
Block in
local cache
Block in
remote cache
Block
on disk
FAA Command Center
Herndon, Virginia
 Operations data re-deployed to 12 Dell PowerEdge
rack servers
 Oracle9i RAC
 Red Hat Linux
“Our goal is to try to minimize the different types of operating systems
and vendors that we’re dealing with, and the Oracle9i Real
Application Clusters Certified Configuration for Dell is allowing us
to do that. The environment allows us a lot more flexibility in
hardware and increased cost savings.”
John Kelly, Project Manager, KENROB & Associates
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
 TCO study comparing databases on a single
RISC server vs. an Intel-based Linux cluster
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Includes hardware and software license prices
(including typical discounts)
Includes maintenance fees, support staff costs,
cost of money
Hardware Pricing
 RISC based single server
• 16-way Sun E6500
• 8 Sun Sbus Fibre Channel Network HBAs
• 2 EMC Clarrion FC4500 disk arrays (576 GB disk)
 Intel based with RAC
• 8 Dell PowerEdge 1550 2-way Pentium III 1.13 GHz
rack servers, 2 GB RAM each
• 8 Qlogic Fibre Channel QLA2200f
• 2 EMC Clarrion FC4500 disk arrays (576 GB disk)
Software Pricing
 For single Sun server, Oracle9i Enterprise
Edition & Veritas
 For Dell - Linux cluster, Oracle9i Enterprise
Edition with Real Application Clusters option,
PolyServe Matrix Server
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See http://www.polyserve.com for more
information on PolyServe cluster file system for
SANs
Time of Purchase Costs
 With RAC, purchase servers as needed,
reducing cost of capital
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Quantifiable cost-of capital benefit
Unquantifiable benefit from increased capital
and infrastructure flexibility
Later purchase may benefit from Moore’s Law
Human Support Costs
 Support costs grow as size of cluster grows
 Slightly higher rate for RISC system
administrators and DBAs
Total Cost of Ownership
$8.0
$7.0
Millions
$6.0
$5.0
$4.0
$3.0
$2.0
$1.0
$Intel/Linux Matrix
RISC
Linux solution is 22.8% less expensive than RISC solution.
High Availability Benefits?
 Real Application Clusters provide a higher
level of availability than a single machine
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Hot standby
Rapid failover
Cost of Downtime
 Gartner Group estimates downtime costs
$89,000/hour
 Standby configuration delivers 99.9% uptime
 Cluster delivers 99.999% uptime
 8.5 hours more downtime with single
machine
Cost of Preventing Downtime
 To match availability characteristics, add a
standby database server for the RISC
solution
Total Cost of Ownership
$14.0
$12.0
Millions
$10.0
$8.0
$6.0
$4.0
$2.0
$Intel/Linux Matrix
RISC
Linux solution is 53.1% less expensive than RISC solution.
Summary
 Oracle recognizes potential of Linux
 Oracle customers recognize growing
potential of Linux
 Oracle is forming partnerships to address
support needs of enterprise customers
 Oracle R&D is
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Leveraging strong UNIX history
Helping to grow the capabilities of Linux
Where to get more Information
 http://www.oracle.com
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Product Information
 http://otn.oracle.com
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Software downloads
Technical papers
Q U E S T I O N S
A N S W E R S