Download Chemistry 204

Chemistry 204
Dr. Christine Yerkes
207 Chem Annex
333-6353
[email protected]
Mon. - Fri. 1:00 - 2:00
or by appointment
Required Text:
Chemical Principles, 5th ed., Zumdahl
electronic calculator with log functions
Quiz sections begin: Wed, Jan. 18
Grading Policy:
On-line Homework:
Quiz score:
Hour Exams (3 x 150)
Final Exam
TA evaluation
85 pts.
150 pts.
450 pts.
300 pts.
15 pts.
1000 pts.
No make-up quizzes or exams
Grades
1000 points total
97-100% (970 - 1000) = A+
93 - 96% (930 - 969) = A
90 - 92% (900 - 929) = Aetc., etc., etc.
Quiz scores:
weekly quizzes - material from previous week
(lecture and Quiz section)
each quiz worth 15 points - keep 10 highest
TA evaluation - 15 points
165 points
On-line Homework:
8 Homework assignments on LON-CAPA
due dates on line
credit for all problems completed
before deadline
85 points
LON-CAPA
http:// www.chem.uiuc.edu
Chem 204
user name : net i.d.
password : Active Directory (AD) password
homepage
CITES
Transition metals and coordination chemistry
Alfred Werner
CoCl3 . 6 NH3
CoCl3 . 5 NH3
CoCl3 . 4 NH3
CoCl3 . 3 NH3
Co has 6 ligands
100%
66%
AgCl (s)with NH3
+ AgNO
HCl 3 no reaction
33%
[Co(NH3)6] Cl3
[Co(NH3)5Cl] Cl2
[Co(NH3)4Cl2] Cl
[Co(NH3)3Cl3]
0%
Transition metals and coordination chemistry
[Co(NH3)6] Cl3
1 isomer
[Co(NH3)5Cl] Cl2
[Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl [Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl
[Co(NH3)3Cl3]
1 isomer
2 isomers
2 isomers
Cl
NH3
H3N
NH3
Co
octahedral
H3N
all positions equivalent
NH3
NH
Cl 3
Transition metals and coordination chemistry
Lewis acid – Lewis base
coordinate covalent bond
e- pair donor lone pair e- on ligands
e- pair acceptor metals empty orbitals
1. oxidation state
2. coordination number
Transition metals and coordination chemistry
Lewis acid – Lewis base
coordinate covalent bond
e- pair donor lone pair e- on ligands
e- pair acceptor metals empty orbitals
1. oxidation state
Transition metals
Sc Ti
4s12
V
Cr
Mn Fe Co Ni
Cu Zn
3d1 3d2 3d3 3d5 3d5 3d6 3d7 3d8 3d10 3d10
s electrons lost first
Fe2+ 3d6
Cu+
first-row ions do not have s e-
Transition metals and coordination chemistry
Lewis acid – Lewis base
coordinate covalent bond
e- pair donor lone pair e- on ligands
e- pair acceptor metals empty orbitals
1. oxidation state
2. coordination number
# lone pairs ligands
ligands
..
H 2O
.. aqua
NH3 ammine monodentate
CN- cyano
O
O
C
oxalate
C
- O
OM
H2C
H2N
CH2 ethylenediamine
NH2
(en)
M
tridentate
diethylenetriamine
(dien)
polydentate (6)
EDTA
bidentate
chelate
Nomenclature p. 496
[Co(NH3)6] Cl3 hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride
[Co(NH3)3Cl3] triamminetrichlorocobalt(III)
K2[CuCl4]
potassium tetrachlorocuprate(II)
[CoCl2(en)2]Cl dichlorobis(en)cobalt (III) chloride
1. cation anion
2. ligands (alphabetical) before metal, with prefixes
3. oxidation state of metal in (roman numerals)
Isomerism
same formula different properties
structural isomers different bonds
coordination isomerism
linkage isomerism
[CoSO4(NH3)5]Br
N
O
O
[CoBr(NH3)5]SO4
O
N
O
Co
SO4
Br
H3N
NH3
H3N
Co
H3N
Co
NH3
NH3
NH3
H3N
NH3
NH3
Isomerism
same formula different properties
stereoisomers
different spatial arrangement
geometric isomerism
optical isomerism
[Co(NH3)4Cl2] Cl
trans-
cis-
Cl
Cl
H3N
NH3
H3N
Co
H3N
Co
NH3
Cl
NH3
H3N
Cl
NH3
optical isomerism
differ biologically
differ in “plane polarized light”
Cl
Cl
H2O
NH3
Co
Br
Co
NH3
NH3
OH2
H3N
Br
H3N
NH3
non-superimposable mirror images
enantiomers
chiral “hands”
plane of symmetry
chiral no plane of symmetry