Download CH3- part1


Basic unit of ___________.

The form of each cell is relevant to the cell’s
_______________.

Multicellular organisms have cells that have differentiated
and become grouped into tissues that work to sustain the
life of the animal.
Cells

Essential structures of the cell:
1. _________ ____________________
 (also known as plasma membrane or less commonly,
plasmalemma).
 Forms a flexible barrier that separates the intracellular
and extracellular environment.
2. ___________________
 Location of everything inside the cell membrane but
outside the nucleus.
 ________ (gelatinous) material that contains proteins,
electrolytes, metabolites (product of metabolism),
cytoskeleton, and organelles.
3. ___________________
 Contains the genetic material of the cell.

Many invaginations allow for
increased _____________ area.

Capable of _____-repair as long as
intracellular components are not
leaked.

Allows movement of molecules in and
out of the cell.

Consists primarily of ________
and ____________.

____________ ____________:
composed of two layers of
phospholipid molecules and globular
and structural proteins
Cell
Membrane
Structure of the
Cell Membrane lipid bilayer
◦ _____________ “heads”are on outside
(______________)
◦ _______ ______ “tails” are on the inside
(______________)
◦ Proteins that are WITHIN the bi-layer
 These proteins span the entire width of the membrane and
create passageways through for molecules can pass through.
◦ Passageways may be selective ____________ and permit only
certain molecules in or out of the cell.
◦ Passageways may contain _____________ that allow substances
to pass freely without resistance.
Integral Proteins

Proteins which can be bound to the OUTER OR INNER
surfaces of the cell membrane.
◦ Those inside the cells are somewhat limited in their movement
because they can have attachments to integral proteins or to the
cytoskeleton.
◦ Can act as enzymes
◦ Can change the cell’s shape.
Peripheral Proteins

_________________– “sugar coating” on the
surface of some cells
◦ Made of glycoproteins and glycolipids.
◦ Unique to each cell – provides markers for recognition,
interactions, and bonding.
Cell Membrane: External Surface

Extensions of the cell membrane that project into the
extracellular space.

Energetic, motile hairs

Composed of 9 pairs of microtubules that encircle a
central pair
Flagella and Cilia

Occur in large numbers on the exposed surface of some
cells.
◦ _________ than flagella and move synchronously to
create waves of motion for propulsion.

Functions: to move substances over the cell surface.
◦ In upper respiratory tract, propel bacteria and mucus from
the lungs
◦ In oviduct, guides egg from ovary into oviduct.
Cilia

Significantly ___________ than cilia and usually occur as
a single structure.
◦ Function: aid in the movement of a cell through
fluid.
 Tail of sperm is a flagellum
Flagellum

The inner substance of the cell, excluding the
__________ .

Components include:
Cytoplasm

The ______ of the cell
◦ Viscous, semi-transparent liquid
composed of dissolved
electrolytes, amino acids, and
simple sugars.

Proteins suspended within fluid
give fluid its thick, _____ -like
consistency.
◦ These proteins are enzymes that
are important in metabolic
activities of the cell.
Cytosol




____________ for the cells.
Gives support and shape to the cell, enables cell to
move.
Anchors ____________.
3 types of fibers that
comprise cytoskeleton:
Cytoskeleton
◦ Long and hollow tubes that grow from
the cell ________.
◦ Form cables that __________
attach to and then move throughout
the cell when they are pushed by
proteins.
◦ Can be disassembled and
reassembled to form new paths
◦ Composed of pairs of proteins called
___________
Cytoskeleton- Microtubules
◦ Woven, ropelike fibers that
are able to resist pulling
forces on the cell
◦ __________ and most
_____________ part of the
cytoskeleton.
Cytoskeleton- Intermediate Fibers
◦ Located near the cell
________
◦ Arranged in bundles.
◦ Composed of actin
(contractile protein)
◦ Play key role in cell’s ability to
change shape, break apart
during cell division, and have
invaginations in the cell wall
Cytoskeleton- Microfilaments