Download The Cell

The Cell
By: Mr. Kauffman
Outline
• What is a cell?
• The microscope
• 2 main types of cells
• Cellular organization
• Plant vs. Animal cells
• Organelle functions
What is a cell?
• Cell: the smallest part of
any living thing that
carries on the functions of
life.
– Most are too small to be
seen by the naked eye
– Come in many different
sizes
Nerve Cell
• Nerve cells in your leg can
be up to 1 meter long
• Human egg cells are no
bigger than the dot of this i
• Human blood cells are
10x smaller
Egg Cell
Red Blood Cells
The Microscope
• Microscope: an instrument
which makes an object
appear larger than it is
– Robert Hooke and Anton
von Leeuwenhoek invented
the microscope
• Hooke looked at cork
• von Leeuwenhoek looked at
pond water
Our Microscopes
• 3 viewing powers
– 4x = 40 times larger
– 10x = 100 times larger
– 40x = 400 times larger
• What power do you
always begin with when
looking at an object?
– 4x
Microscope Parts
Eye Piece
Body Tube
Revolving Nose
Piece
Arm
Objective Lens
Objective Lens
Objective Lens
Stage
Stage Clips
Coarse
Adjustment Knob
Diaphragm
Fine
Adjustment Knob
Light Source
Base
2 Main types of cells
• Prokaryotic: cell without
a nucleus
– Unorganized cells
– Found only as unicellular
organisms (only 1 cell)
– Ex: bacteria
– Have caused some of the
worst human diseases in
the history of the world
•
•
•
•
The Black Plague
AIDS
Small Pox
Ebola
2 Main types of cells
• Eukaryotic: cell with a
nucleus
– Organized Cells
– Fungi, plants, animals are
all made of eukaryotic cells
– We are made up of
eukaryotic cells
Cellular organization
•
•
•
Eukaryotic cells all have parts that do
different jobs
Each part of a cell that does a job is
called an organelle
There are 2 types of Eukaryotic cells,
each with their own unique organelles
1. Plant Cells
2. Animal Cells
Organelles
• Cell Wall:
– Strong outer
covering that
protects the cell
and gives it
shape/support
Cell Wall in Algae
Organelles
• Cell Membrane:
– Protective outer
layer that acts as a
barrier between the
inside and outside
of the cell
• Outer most layer of
animal cells
• Found inside the
cell wall of plant
cells
Organelles
• Nucleus:
– Controls all the
activities of the cell
Organelles
• Nucleolus:
– Inner part of nucleus
where ribosomes are
made
Organelles
• Cytoplasm:
– Gelatin-like
substance that
holds all of the
other organelles in
place
Organelles
• Mitochondria:
– Produces energy for
the cell by breaking
down materials
Organelles
• Chloroplast:
– Produces energy for the plant using sunlight and water
– Contains chlorophyll
• Chlorophyll: substance that makes plants green
Organelles
• Ribosome:
– Makes proteins
Organelle
• Lysosome:
– Breaks down food,
wastes, and old cell
parts
Organelle
• Golgi Bodies:
– Sorts and packages
proteins and other
substances to be
transported around
the cell
Organelle
• Endoplasmic
Reticulum: also
called the ER
– Transports materials
through the cell
– 2 Types of ER
• Smooth ER: has no
ribosomes on it
• Rough ER: has
ribosomes on it
Organelle
• Vacuole:
– Stores water, waste, and food
Organelles
• Animal Cells
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Lysosome
• Plant Cells
– All from Animal Cells
list
– Cell Wall
– Chloroplast
– Vacuole