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Cell Division Vocabulary
Mitosis
Part of eukaryotic cell
division during which
the cell nucleus divides
Meiosis
The process by which the
number of chromosomes per
cell is cut in half through the
separation of homologous
chromosomes in a diploid cell
Meiosis I
Includes prophase I,
metaphase I, and
anaphase I. It results in
the formation of two
haploid cells
Meiosis II
Includes prophase II, metaphase
II, anaphase II and telophase II.
The final product is four haploid
cells
Interphase
The period of the cell
cycle between cell
divisions
Prophase
The first and longest
phase of mitosis during
which the chromosomes
become visible and the
centrioles separate and
take up positions on the
opposite sides of the
nucleus
Metaphase
The second phase of
mitosis during which
the chromosomes line
up across the center
of the cell
Anaphase
The third phase of
mitosis during which
the chromosome pairs
separate and move
towards opposite sides
of the cell
Telophase
The fourth and final phase
of mitosis during which the
chromosomes begin to
disperse into a tangle of
dense material
Cell division
The process by
which a cell divides
into two new
daughter cells.
G1 phase
A period of activity in
which the cells do most
of their growing. During
this phase, cells increase
in size and synthesize
new proteins and
organelles.
S phase
Comes after G1, it is
when chromosomes
are replicated and the
synthesis of DNA
molecules takes place
G2 phase
The shortest phase of
interphase, it is when
many of the
organelles and
molecules required
for cell division are
produced.
Gamete
A sex cell
Oocyte
An immature egg
cell
Sperm
The male reproductive cell
Segregation
Separation of
alleles during
gamete formation
Homologous
Chromosomes that
have corresponding
chromosomes from
the opposite sex
parent.
Cell cycle
A series of events
cells go through as
they grow and divide
DNA
Nucleic acid that
contains the sugar
deoxyribose
Spindle
Fanlike microtubule
structure that helps
separate chromosomes
during mitosis
Centriole
One of the two tiny
structures located in
the cytoplasm of
animal cells near the
nuclear envelope
Chromosome
A threadlike
structure within the
nucleus containing
the genetic
information that is
passed from one
generation of cells
to the next
Cancer
Disorder in which
some of the body’s
own cells lose the
ability to control
growth
Crossing-over
Process in which
homologous
chromosomes
exchange portions of
their chromatids
during meiosis.
Diploid
A cell that contains
both sets of
homologous
chromosomes
Haploid
A cell that only
contains a single
set of
chromosomes
Tetrad
A structure containing
4 chromatids that
forms during meiosis
Chromatids
One of the two
identical “sister”
parts of a
duplicated
chromosome
Centromere
Area where the
chromatids of a
chromosome are
attached
Cytokinesis
Division of
cytoplasm
during cell
division.
2N
Diploid daughter cells
N
Haploid cells