Download My Plant Cell Prjoect

the Plant Cell
This PowerPoint is to show our knowledge
of cell
structure and function to show how a
cell works as a living organism
Contents…
Golgi Bodies
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Ribosomes
Chloroplasts
Vacuole
Mitochondria
Peroxisome
Cytoplasm
Lysosomes
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Nucleus
• The Nucleus is a highly important part of a cell. One of the nucleus’
jobs is to act as the administrative and control centre of the cell. As
well as that it holds the genetic material of the cell and coordinates
the cells activities such as growth, metabolism, protein synthesis,
and reproduction/ cell division.
• If the Nucleus was missing from the cell, the cell would have no
control over what was happening. There would be no order of
operation and the cell would not be able to function.
Chloroplasts
• Chloroplasts are organelles within a plant cell that turn light energy
into chemical energy to be used as food for the plant, through the
process of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are a form of plastid and
can be found on any part of a plant that is green including stems and
unripened fruit but the bulk of photosynthesis is carries out in the
leaves. Chloroplasts contain pigments of chlorophyll and chlorophyll
b which are able to soak up the light energy required for
photosynthesis.
• If there were no chloroplasts within a cell, the cell would not be able
to produce most of the food needed for it to stay alive.
Cell Wall
• The Cell Wall is made of a complex sugar called cellulose which
acts as a container that holds the cell together and keeps it rigid so it
can stay standing. It also gives a semi-permeable membrane that
allows water, minerals, and other nutrients to pass through holes
called plasmodesmata, and holds specialized molecule that control
growth and protect the plant from disease.
• If there wasn’t a cell wall, the cell wouldn’t be able to hold its shape,
rigidity or contents. It also would not be able to excrete waste that it
had built up or protect the cell from disease.
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
• The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is a very essential
organelle as it is important in the synthesis and packaging of protein.
Attached to the ER are smaller organelles called ribosomes which
builds an amino acid chain (an ingredient in protein) that is pushed
into the ER to be further processed until completed. Once completed
the ER bunches up a vesicle that is sent to the Golgi bodies and
then to the cell membrane.
• Without the Endoplasmic Reticulum the cell would not be able to
synthesize or package proteins essential for survival.
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
• The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum is an organelle used for
storage. It creates and stores steroids, stores ion solutions that will
be used in the future, is involved with the making of lipids (fats), are
the building blocks for carbohydrate metabolism, and the
detoxification of drugs and poisons.
• Without the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum the cell would not be
able to store chemicals essential to the cell.
Mitochondria
• The Mitochondria are organelles that act as a digestive system.
Nutrients are taken in broken down and used to create energy for
the cell. This process of creating energy within a cell is called
cellular respiration and most of the reactions needed for this process
take place in the mitochondria. Within the mitochondria there is fluid
called the matrix. When cellular respiration takes place matrix is
filled with water and proteins. Those proteins take food molecules
and combine them with oxygen. The mitochondria are the only place
in the cell where oxygen can be combined with the food molecules.
After the oxygen is added, the material can be digested. They are
working organelles that keep the cell full of energy.
• With no mitochondria nutrients would not be able to be broken down
to form energy that the plant needs to survive.
Cell Membrane
• The cell membrane is a thin film that lines the inside of the cell wall.
It is made from proteins and phospholipids. The phosphor lipids
make up the baglike shape and the proteins are positioned by the
holes to aid movement in and out. The cell membranes job is to
keep everything needed within the cell and to keep everything else
out. The cell membrane has tiny holes in it that allows certain
molecules move in and out.
• If there was no cell membrane within a cell then the cell would have
no control over what enters and exits the cell. Meaning that viruses
and other pests could easily get in. Also other organelles could be at
risk of exiting the cell.
Cytoplasm
• The cytoplasm is the fluid within the cell that suspends all the
organelles. It contains sugars, amino acids, enzymes and fatty acids
all in solution. As well as suspending the organelles, the cytoplasm
is used to break down larger molecules into products that can be
used by the cell, for example glucose can be found within the cell.
Enzymes break down the molecules into a substance called
pyruvate which can be used for fuel inside the mitochondria.
• Without the cytoplasm inside the cell, all the organelles would be
thrown around but with the cytoplasm they float and can connect
with other organelles to carry out their role. Also without the
cytoplasm molecules like glucose would not be able to be broken
down and would be wasted.
Lysosomes
• The lysosomes are small organelles whose main purpose is to
digest food. They contain enzymes created by the cell. The enzyme
proteins are first made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The
proteins made are packed up and sent to the Golgi bodies. The
Golgi then works to create the digestive enzymes needed and
breaks off a tiny, very particular vesicle. That vesicle is a lysosome.
After creation the lysosomes float around the cell until needed.
When food is absorbed into the cell the lysosomes set about to
digest it, they attach to the source and release enzymes the
enzymes then break down the complex molecules e.g. sugars and
proteins. If the cell needs food the lysosomes will digest the
organelles within the cell for nutrients.
• If there wasn’t a lysosome within the cell, the cell would not be able
to break down the nutrients from food, needed to survive and the
cell would perish.
Peroxisome
• The peroxisome is a small vesicle found within the cell. It has a
single membrane and contains digestive oxidative enzymes that
break down toxic materials within the cell but require oxygen. Their
enzymes attack complex molecules and break them down into
smaller molecules. Peroxisomes attract nutrients that the cell has
gained, play a part in the way organisms digest alcohol, and digest
fatty acids. They also play a role in cholesterol synthesis and the
digestion of amino acids.
• Without the peroxisomes the cell would not be able to control toxic
materials that had been taken in, or carry out cholesterol synthesis.
Vacuoles
• The vacuole is a large bubble found in the cell used for storage. It
stores food, nutrients, water, and even waste products in an attempt
to protect the cell from contagion. Eventually, those waste products
would be sent out of the cell. Vacuoles are made up of a large saclike membrane with fluid inside. The vacuoles when full are used to
make the cell turgid (stiff) which helps the plant to stay rigid and
standing as they have no skeleton to hold them up. When the
vacuole absorbs waste products it breaks them down into
substances that are harmless to the cell and then exports them out
of the cell.
• The vacuoles are very useful to the cell. Without them they would
not be able to store food or water, waste products would be free
around the cell and eventually contaminate it and the plant would
not be able to hold itself up without the turgor of the organelle.
Golgi Bodies
• The Golgi bodies are organelles that are used for the packaging or
simple molecules, named after Italian biologist Camillo Golgi. The
Golgi bodies collect up small molecules and process them into
larger, more complex molecules. It then packages them in vesicles
and either uses them, sends them out of the cell or stores them for
later. Golgi bodies are used to create lysosomes. The vesicles are
created in the same way the ER does it. The vesicles are pinched
off the membranes and float through the cell. The Golgi bodies work
with the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The RER creates
vesicles called transition vesicles and the releases them into the cell
to be absorbed by the Golgi bodies who works at the contents of the
vesicle to create a secretory vesicle which is then sent to the cell
membrane and then out of the cell.
• If there were no Golgi bodies within the cell then molecules would
not be able to be condensed packaged and saved for the future.
Furthermore the lysosomes would not be able to be created to
digest food.
Ribosomes
• The Ribosomes are the protein builders or the protein synthesizers
of the cell. They are in charge of connecting the amino acid
molecules to form long chains. Ribosomes are all over the cell. They
can be found floating in the cytoplasm. Those floating ribosomes
make proteins that will be used inside of the cell. They are also
found on the Endoplasmic reticulum which is how it derives the
name rough endoplasmic reticulum as it appears bumpy under a
microscope.
• Without the ribosomes the cell would not be able to form the
proteins that it needs for food.
Nucleolus
• The nucleolus is a roughly spherical ball found inside the nucleus.
The nucleolus works to create ribosomes. Those ribosomes move
out of the nucleus to either float in the cytoplasm or join onto the
endoplasmic reticulum to carry out protein synthesis.
• Without the nucleolus the cell would not be able to receive the
ribosomes needed for protein synthesis and food would not be
created.