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Cell Division: Mitosis • Cell theory – All cells come from pre-existing cells – Cells are the basic unit of organization of organisms. – All living things are made of cells. Cell Division •The process when 2 cells are produced from one cell •Begins with one parent cell •Results in 2 daughter cells identical to the parent cell • Chromosomes--carriers of the genetic material that is copied and passed from generation to generation of cells. The structure of eukaryotic chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids Supercoil within chromosome Chromosome Continued coiling within supercoil Histone H1 Nucleosome DNA • Cell cycle—sequence of growth and division of a cell, divided into 3 main periods – Interphase – Mitosis – Cytokinesis Mitosis Interphase Cytokinesis • Interphase—Cell grows in size, carries on metabolism, makes DNA, and prepares for division Interphase DNA synthesis and replication Rapid growth and metabolic activity Centrioles replicate; cell prepares for division • Mitosis—Process of cell division where 2 identical daughter cells are formed Mitosis is divided into 4 phases—prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase Mitosis Prophase: longest phase of mitosis • Chromatin--coils into visible chromosomes • Sister chromatids— doubled strands of DNA held together by a centromere Spindle fibers Disappearing nuclear envelope Doubled chromosome Prophase • Nuclear envelope— begins to disappear and nucleolus disintegrates • Centrioles—are in opposite ends of the cell • Spindle Fibers are formed Spindle fibers Disappearing nuclear envelope Doubled chromosome Sister Chromatids Centromere Sister chromatids Metaphase: shortest phase • Doubled chromosomes are lined up along the equator (middle) of the cell Centromere Sister chromatids Anaphase • Chromosomes are pulled apart at the centromere and separated Telophase • Chromatids are in different sides of the cell • Chromatids unwind • Nuclear envelope and nucleolus reappear • Cell membrane begins to split cell in 2 Nuclear envelope reappears Two daughter cells are formed • Cytokinesis— process where the cell’s cytoplasm divides between 2 new cells – In animal cells—2 cells are separated by membrane “pinching in” between them – In plant cells—2 cells are separated by a cell plate that forms in between them Mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase • IPMAT • I Picked My Apples Today • Idiot, Pass Me Another Taco • I Propose All Men Are Toads