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December 9th • Please take a paper off the desk in front • Eukaryotic cells animal and plant • Microscope label • E- slide lab Eukaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells Has a “true” nucleus Organelles are covered in membranes Metabolic processes occur on the membrane’s surfaces Eukaryotic Cells Membrane covered organelles provide compartments that enable the cell to carry out a variety of metabolic activities simultaneously Nucleus Genetic control center Contains chromosomes made up of DNA Contains nucleolus where ribosomes are made Cytoplasm Gel – like liquidy material between the nucleus and cell membrane Fills the cell Cell Membrane Controls what goes in and out of the cell Ribosomes Ribosomes assemble amino acids into proteins as directed by the DNA Power House Carries out cellular respiration which converts chemical energy into ATP ATP is the energy used in cells Has its own copy of DNA Mitochondria Mitochondria The mitochondria was believed to be a single cell at one time It was absorbed into the plant/animal cell That is why it has its own DNA Endomembrane System Five organelles that work together in the synthesis, storage and export of important molecules Rough and Smooth E.R., Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, Vacuoles Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough ER Result of ribosomes which attach to the network of flattened sacs attached to nuclear envelope Manufactures membrane Produces proteins that are secreted from the cell Smooth ER Attached to Rough ER, network of connected tubes Synthesizes lipids Regulates sugar release and breaks down drugs and toxins Stores calcium ions necessary for contraction in muscle tissue Golgi Apparatus or Golgi Bodies Stacks of flattened sacs Receives and modifies substances from ER Sends them to the cells surface for export, or to other organelles Lysosomes Produced by Rough ER and Golgi Apparatus Sacs of digestive enzymes, isolated from the rest of the cytoplasm Digest food, destroy harmful bacteria, recycle damaged organelles Vacuoles Different shapes and sizes Stores water, vital chemicals or waste products Larger in plant cells Centrioles Every animal-like cell has two small organelles called centrioles. Not in plant cells They are there to help the cell when it comes time to divide. Cytoskeleton Supportive meshwork of fine fibers that extend throughout the cytoplasm Involved in cell movement and transmitting signals Plant Cells Plant Cells differ from animal cells in three ways: Cell wall – made from cellulose, gives rigidity shape Plastids Chloroplasts – photosynthesis Leukoplasts – store starch Vacuoles – large which store water and waste Lysosomes? Chloroplasts Convert solar energy to chemical energy Photosynthesizing organelle of plants Contains DNA! Chloroplasts Believed to be a single cell that was engulfed by the plant cell That is why it has its own copy of DNA Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use light energy to make sugar and oxygen gas from carbon dioxide and water 6CO2 + 6H2O+ Light => C6H12O6 +O2 http://www.bozemanscience.com/a-tourof-the-cell