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Basic Cell Structures & Types Gibson – Biology Fall 2011 The Cell Theory (p.170) • All living things are made up of “cells” • “Cells” are the basic units of structure and function (for all living things); • New “cells” are produced from existing “cells”. “Basic” Cell Structures (p.171) • Cell membrane – a thin, flexible barrier around a cell that separates it from the surrounding environment. “Basic” Cell Structures (p.171) • Cell wall – for some types of cells… a strong layer around the cell membrane that adds support and structure. “Basic” Cell Structures (p.171) • Cell nucleus – for some types of cells… a relatively large structure that contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities. “Basic” Cell Structures (p.171) • Cell nucleoid – for some types of cells… a relatively large AREA that contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities (there is NO “structure” just an area). “Basic” Cell Structures (p.171) • Cytoplasm – for all types of cells… the waterrich “jello-like” material in which the nucleus (if there is one), the ribosomes (all cells have these), and the organelles (if there are any) “float” inside the cell. “Basic” Cell Structures (p.171) • Regarding cell structures so far; you may have noticed a)…some of the slides said: “some types of cells have this….” and; b)… some slides said: “some types of cells don’t have this…”. • What we are going to do is review the cell structures so far with respect to these “types” of cells. “Basic” Cell Types (p.172) • Prokaryotes (pronounced: PRO-care-ee-oats) • Eukaryotes (pronounced: YOU-care-ee-oats) “Basic” Cell Types Prokaryotes Cell Structure (p.172) Eukaryotes “Basic” Cell Types Prokaryotes Cell Structure Cell Membrane (p.172) Eukaryotes “Basic” Cell Types Prokaryotes Cell Structure Cell Membrane A thin flexible barrier around the cell. (p.172) Eukaryotes “Basic” Cell Types Prokaryotes Cell Structure Cell Nucleus (p.172) Eukaryotes “Basic” Cell Types Prokaryotes Cell Structure Cell Nucleus A large structure than contains the cell’s genetic materials and controls cell activities (p.172) Eukaryotes “Basic” Cell Types Prokaryotes Cell Structure Cell Nucleus Cell Nucleoid (p.172) Eukaryotes “Basic” Cell Types Prokaryotes Cell Structure Cell Nucleus Cell Nucleoid A general area that holds the cell’s genetic materials (p.172) Eukaryotes “Basic” Cell Types Prokaryotes Cell Structure Cell Nucleus Cell ‘s DNA Cell Nucleoid Cell ‘s DNA (p.172) Eukaryotes “Basic” Cell Types Prokaryotes Cell Structure Cytoplasm Cytoplasm (p.172) Eukaryotes “Basic” Cell Types Prokaryotes Cell Structure Cytoplasm A water rich “jello-like” material in which everything “floats” Cytoplasm (p.172) Eukaryotes “Basic” Cell Types Prokaryotes Cell Structure Organelles (p.172) Eukaryotes “Basic” Cell Types Prokaryotes Cell Structure Organelles The cell’s “organs” that perform specific functions/d uties (p.172) Eukaryotes “Basic” Cell Types Prokaryotes Cell Structure Ribosomes Ribosomes (p.172) Eukaryotes “Basic” Cell Types Prokaryotes Cell Structure Ribosomes The structures that are involved with & control protein production. Ribosomes (p.172) Eukaryotes “Basic” Cell Types Prokaryotes Cell Structure Cytoplasm Nucleoid Ribosomes Membrane DNA Nucleus Organelles (p.172) Eukaryotes
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